spring执行异步任务

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已于 2023-04-14 23:06:00 修改

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分类专栏： SpringBoot 文章标签： spring java spring boot

于 2022-07-16 22:40:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_51691366/article/details/125825375

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1、异步任务

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service层定义如下
package com.example.ascny.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service

public class AsyncService {
public void async(){
try {
Thread.sleep(50000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(“正在执行异步程序！！！！”);
}
}
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controller层定义如下

package com.example.ascny.controller;

import com.example.ascny.service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class AsyncController {
@Autowired
AsyncService asyncService;
@RequestMapping(“/test”)
public String test() {
asyncService.async(); //停止服务五分钟，一直转圈五分钟，等待服务器的响应
return “ok”;
}
}
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如果我们访问test接口，则会出现页面一直转圈五分钟，等待服务器的响应，直到五分钟后返回ok。所以为了提高用户的体验，在访问test接口的时候可以直接先给我们返回一个ok，而在后台异步执行程序！提高用户的体验感！所以我们可以使用多线程或者直接使用springboot提供的开启异步功能！
在AsyncService类中的async方法上添加 @Async注解，告诉Spring这是一个异步执行的方法。并且在项目入口类的main方法上使用@EnableAsync //开启异步支持
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public class AsyncService {
//告诉spring这是一个异步的方法
@Async
public void async(){
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package com.example.ascny;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

@EnableAsync //开启异步支持
@SpringBootApplication
public class AscnyApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(AscnyApplication.class, args);
}

}
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还有一种方法就是直接在AsyncService类中开启多线程在后台异步执行

package com.example.ascny.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class AsyncService extends Thread{
@Override
public void run(){
try {
Thread.sleep(50000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(“正在执行异步程序！！！！”);
}
public void async(){
AsyncService asyncService = new AsyncService();
asyncService.start();
}
}
这样就成功地提高了用户地体验感，告诉用户后台在异步执行邮件发送等任务！你可以做自己的事情了！！！！！！
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2、开启多线程的方法

（1）、实现 Runnable 接口

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package com.example.ascny;

public class mlRunnable implements Runnable{
public static void main(String [] args){
mlRunnable mlRunnable = new mlRunnable();
Thread thread0 = new Thread(mlRunnable);
Thread thread1 = new Thread(mlRunnable);
thread0.start();
thread1.start();
}

/**
 * When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
 * to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's
 * <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
 * thread.
 * <p>
 * The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
 * take any action whatsoever.
 *
 * @see Thread#run()
 */
@Override
public void run() {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行了");
}

}
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在这里插入图片描述

（2）、实现Callable接口

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package com.example.ascny;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class mlCallable implements Callable {
/**
* Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
*
* @return computed result
* @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
*/
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
return Thread.currentThread().getName()+“执行成功！！！！”;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
mlCallable mc = new mlCallable();
FutureTask ft0 = new FutureTask<>(mc);
FutureTask ft1 = new FutureTask<>(mc);
Thread thread0 = new Thread(ft0);
Thread thread1 = new Thread(ft1);
thread0.start();
thread1.start();
System.out.println(ft0.get());
System.out.println(ft1.get());
}
}
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在这里插入图片描述

（3）、继承 Thread 类

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package com.example.ascny;

public class mlThread extends Thread {
/**
* If this thread was constructed using a separate
* Runnable run object, then that
* Runnable object’s run method is called;
* otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.
*

* Subclasses of Thread should override this method.
*
* @see #start()
* @see #stop()
*/
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “执行了”);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
mlThread mlThread = new mlThread();
mlThread mlThread1 = new mlThread();
mlThread.start();
mlThread1.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “执行了”);
}
}
}
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在这里插入图片描述

（4）、匿名内部类的写法

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package com.example.ascny;

public class ml {
public static void start() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “执行了”);
}
}).start();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    start();
    start();
}

}
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在这里插入图片描述
有关线程请访问这里

3、邮件发送任务

<!--导入邮件发送的依赖包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>

因为邮件发送的依赖包是springboot家族的，导入依赖以后不需要config的配置即可使用！！！！！！！！！
application.properties中的配置如下

server.port=8001
spring.mail.username=3518806826@qq.com
#授权码
spring.mail.password=aqhnmymszxewdbfb 
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
#开启加密验证
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true

在测试类中测试代码如下，核心是

 @Autowired
    JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;

package com.example.ascny;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

@SpringBootTest
class AscnyApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        //一个简单的邮件
        SimpleMailMessage mailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
        mailMessage.setSubject("小仙女！！！！！！！！！！");
        mailMessage.setText("小仙女能看见我发的消息是吧，哈哈哈");
        mailMessage.setTo("1414492911@qq.com");
        mailMessage.setFrom("3518806826@qq.com"); //必须和spring.mail.username=3518806826@qq.com中的配置一样否则就会报错
        mailSender.send(mailMessage);
    }

    @Test
    public void sendEmail() throws MessagingException {
        //一个复杂的邮件
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        //组装将要发送的消息
        MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,true);
        messageHelper.setSubject("小仙女");
        messageHelper.setText("<p style='color:red'>我爱你，媳妇</p>",true);
        messageHelper.addAttachment("love.jpg",new File("C:\\Users\\ml\\Pictures\\love.jpg"));
        messageHelper.setTo("1414492911@qq.com");
        messageHelper.setFrom("3518806826@qq.com");  //必须和spring.mail.username=3518806826@qq.com中的配置一样否则就会报错
        mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
    }

}

当然可以将上述的方法进行封装，直接在service或者controller中调用即可

4、开启定时任务

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在main函数的入口上添加@EnableScheduling //开启定时功能的注解，用于开启定时功能的注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling //开启定时功能的注解
public class AscnyApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(AscnyApplication.class, args);
}

}
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service层中编写开启定时功能的代码如下

package com.example.ascny.service;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

@Service
public class ScheduledService {
//在什么时间执行下面的脚本
@Scheduled(cron = “0 * * * * 0-7”)
public void startScheduled(){
SimpleDateFormat formatter= new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy-MM-dd ‘at’ HH:mm:ss z”);
Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
System.out.println(“当前时间正在执行脚本”+formatter.format(date));
}
}
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其中 //在什么时间执行下面的脚本 @Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * 0-7")用于在什么时间准时开启脚本

点击此处了解cron表达式

完结！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！