本文介绍了如何使用Python的urllib库中的HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm、HTTPBasicAuthHandler和build_opener等函数实现对https://ssr3.scrape.center/网站的HTTP基本认证，以进行数据抓取。如果请求失败，会捕获并打印URLError异常。
from urllib.request import HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm, HTTPBasicAuthHandler, build_opener
from urllib.error import URLError
username = 'admin'
password = 'admin'
url = "https://ssr3.scrape.center/"
p = HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
p.add_password(None, url, username, password)
#实例化对象把HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm作为参数传入
auth_handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(p)
#将创建的auth_handler作为参数传入build_opener
opener = build_opener(auth_handler)
try:
#利用Opener的open方法打开链接就可校验成功
result = opener.open(url)
html = result.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)
except URLError as e:
print(e.reason)
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