线段树(连载中)

维护区间加减和区间查询):
模板一:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 10;
int  n, m;
typedef long long ll;
ll ans[N << 2], a[N], tag[N << 2];

inline int ls(int x) {
	return x << 1;
}

inline int rs(int x) {
	return x << 1 | 1;
}

void pushdown(int p, int l, int r) {
	int mid = l + r >> 1;
	ans[ls(p)] += tag[p] * (mid - l + 1);
	ans[rs(p)] += tag[p] * (r - mid);
	tag[ls(p)] += tag[p];
	tag[rs(p)] += tag[p];
	tag[p] = 0;
}

void pushup(int p) {
	ans[p] = ans[ls(p)] + ans[rs(p)];
}

void build(int p, int l, int r) {
	tag[p] = 0;
	if (l == r) {
		ans[p] = a[l];
		return;
	}
	int mid = l + r >> 1;
	build(ls(p), l, mid);
	build(rs(p), mid + 1, r);
	pushup(p);
}


void update(int nl, int nr, int l, int r, int p, int k) {
	if (nl <= l && nr >= r) {
		tag[p] += k;
		ans[p] += k * (r - l + 1);
		return;
	}
	pushdown(p, l, r);
	int  mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	if (nl <= mid) update(nl, nr, l, mid, ls(p), k);
	if (nr > mid) update(nl, nr, mid + 1, r, rs(p), k);
	pushup(p);
}


ll query(int nl, int nr, int l, int r, int p) {
	ll  res = 0;
	if (nl <= l && nr >= r) return ans[p];
	int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
	pushdown(p, l, r);
	if (nl <= mid) res += query(nl, nr, l, mid, ls(p));
	if (nr > mid) res += query(nl, nr, mid + 1, r, rs(p));
	return res;
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		cin >> a[i];
	}
	build(1, 1, n);
	while (m--) {
		int x, y, z, k;
		scanf("%d", &z);
		if (z == 1) {
			scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &k);
			update(x, y, 1, n, 1, k);
		} else {
			scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
			ll res = query(x, y, 1, n, 1);
			printf("%lld\n", res);
		}
	}
}

线段树模板二:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 10;
int tag[N * 4];

struct node {
	int l;
	int r;
	long long  w;
} tr[N * 4];

int n, m;
int a[N];
int x, y, k;
int s;


void pushup(int p) {
	tr[p].w = tr[p << 1].w + tr[p << 1 | 1].w;
}

void pushdown(int p) {
	int mid = tr[p].r + tr[p].l >> 1;
	tr[p << 1].w += tag[p] * (mid - tr[p].l + 1);
	tr[p << 1 | 1].w += tag[p] * ( tr[p].r - mid);
	tag[p << 1] += tag[p];
	tag[p << 1 | 1] += tag[p];
	tag[p] = 0;
}


void build(int p, int l, int r) {
	tr[p] = {l, r, 0};
	if (l == r) {
		tr[p].w = a[l];
		return ;
	}
	int mid = tr[p].l + tr[p].r >> 1;
	build(p * 2, l, mid);
	build(p * 2 + 1, mid + 1, r);
	pushup(p);
	return ;
}


void  modify(int p, int x, int y, int k) {
	if (tr[p].l >= x && tr[p].r <= y) {
		tr[p].w += k * ( (tr[p].r - tr[p].l + 1));
		tag[p] += k;
		return;
	}
	pushdown(p);
	int mid = tr[p].r + tr[p].l >> 1;
	if (x <= mid) modify(p << 1, x, y, k);
	if (y > mid)  modify(p << 1 | 1, x, y, k);
	pushup(p);
}

long long  query(int p, int x, int y) {
	if (tr[p].l >= x && tr[p].r <= y) {

		return tr[p].w;
	}
	pushdown(p);
	int mid = tr[p].l + tr[p].r >> 1;
	long long t = 0;
	if (x <= mid) t += query(p << 1, x, y);
	if (y > mid)  t += query(p << 1 | 1, x, y);
	return t;
}


int main() {
	cin >> n >> m;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) cin >> a[i];
	build(1, 1, n);
	for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
		cin >> s;
		if (s == 1) {
			cin >> x >> y >> k;
			modify(1, x, y, k);
		} else {
			cin >> x >> y;
			cout << query(1, x, y) << endl;
		}
	}
}




2.线段树模板(同时支持区间加法和乘法,以及求区间和):

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iomanip>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<utility>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5 + 10;
typedef long long ll;
struct node {
	ll l;
	ll  r;
	ll add;
	ll mul;
	ll w;
} tr[N * 4];
ll n, m, p;
ll a[N];

inline void pushup(ll u) {
	tr[u].w = (tr[u << 1].w + tr[u << 1 | 1].w) % p;
}

inline void pushdown(ll u) {
	tr[u << 1].w = (tr[u].mul * tr[u << 1].w + tr[u].add * (tr[u << 1].r - tr[u << 1].l + 1)) % p;
	tr[u << 1 | 1].w = (tr[u].mul * tr[u << 1 | 1].w + tr[u].add * (tr[u << 1 | 1].r - tr[u << 1 | 1].l + 1)) % p;


	tr[u << 1].mul = (tr[u].mul * tr[u << 1].mul) % p;
	tr[u << 1 | 1].mul = (tr[u].mul * tr[u << 1 | 1].mul) % p;


	tr[u << 1].add = (tr[u << 1].add * tr[u].mul + tr[u].add) % p;
	tr[u << 1 | 1].add = (tr[u << 1 | 1].add * tr[u].mul + tr[u].add) % p;
	tr[u].mul = 1;
	tr[u].add = 0;
	return;
}


void build(ll u, ll l, ll r) {

	tr[u] = { l, r, 0, 1, 0 };
	if (l == r) {
		tr[u].w = a[l] % p;
		return;
	}
	int mid = l + r >> 1;
	build(u << 1, l, mid);
	build(u << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r);
	pushup(u);
	tr[u].w %= p;
	return;
}

void up1(ll u, ll l, ll r, ll k) {
	if (tr[u].l >= l && tr[u].r <= r) {
		tr[u].w = (tr[u].w * k) % p;
		tr[u].mul = (tr[u].mul * k) % p;
		tr[u].add = (tr[u].add * k) % p;
		return;
	}
	pushdown(u);
	pushup(u);
	int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
	if (l <= mid) up1(u << 1, l, r, k);
	if (r > mid) up1(u << 1 | 1, l, r, k);
	pushup(u);
}

void up2(ll u, ll l, ll r, ll k) {
	if (tr[u].l >= l && r >= tr[u].r) {
		tr[u].add = (tr[u].add + k) % p;
		tr[u].w = (tr[u].w + k * (tr[u].r - tr[u].l + 1)) % p;
		return;
	}
	pushdown(u);
	pushup(u);
	int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
	if (l <= mid) up2(u << 1, l, r, k);
	if (r > mid)  up2(u << 1 | 1, l, r, k);
	pushup(u);
	return;
}


ll query(ll u, ll l, ll r, ll p) {
	if (tr[u].l >= l && tr[u].r <= r) {
		return tr[u].w % p;
	}
	pushdown(u);
	ll ans = 0;
	int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
	if (l <= mid) ans = (query(u << 1, l, r, p)) % p;
	if (r > mid) ans = (ans + query(u << 1 | 1, l, r, p)) % p;
	return ans % p;
}



int main() {
	scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &n, &m, &p);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) scanf("%lld", &a[i]);
	build(1, 1, n);
	for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
		long long x, y, k;
		ll op;
		scanf("%lld", &op);
		if (op == 1) {
			scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &x, &y, &k);
			up1(1, x, y, k);
		}
		else if (op == 2) {
			scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &x, &y, &k);
			up2(1, x, y, k);
		}
		else {
			scanf("%lld%lld", &x, &y);
			printf("%lld\n", query(1, x, y, p));
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

cf例题,区间改变和单点改变

/*********************************************************************
    程序名:
    版权:
    作者:	Joecai
    日期: 2022-05-16 13:57
    说明:
*********************************************************************/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define x first
#define y second
# define rep(i,be,en) for(int i=be;i<=en;i++)
# define pre(i,be,en) for(int i=be;i>=en;i--)
#define ll long long
#define endl "\n"
#define LOCAL
#define pb push_back
#define int	long long
typedef pair<ll, ll> PII;
#define eb emplace_back
#define sp(i) setprecision(i)
const int N = 2e5 + 10, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;


int n, q;

struct node
{
	int l;
	int r;
	int sum;
	int tag;
} tr[N << 2];
int a[N];

void pushup(int u)
{
	tr[u].sum = tr[u << 1].sum + tr[u << 1 | 1].sum;
}


void pushdown(int u)
{
	tr[u << 1].sum = (tr[u << 1].r - tr[u << 1].l + 1) * tr[u].tag;
	tr[u << 1 | 1].sum = (tr[u << 1 | 1].r - tr[u << 1 | 1].l + 1) * tr[u].tag;
	tr[u << 1].tag = tr[u].tag;
	tr[u << 1 | 1].tag = tr[u].tag;
	tr[u].tag = 0;
}


void build(int u, int l, int r)
{
	tr[u] = {l, r};
	if (l == r)
		{
			tr[u].sum = a[l];
			return;
		}
	int mid = l + r >> 1;
	build(u << 1, l, mid);
	build(u << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r);
	pushup(u);
}


void update(int u, int l, int r, int s)
{
	if (tr[u].r <= r && tr[u].l >= l)
		{
			tr[u].sum = (tr[u].r - tr[u].l + 1) * s;
			tr[u].tag = s;
			return;
		}
	if (tr[u].tag)
		pushdown(u);
	int mid = tr[u].l + tr[u].r >> 1;
	if (l <= mid)
		update(u << 1, l, r, s);
	if (r > mid)
		update(u << 1 | 1, l, r, s);
	pushup(u);

}

int query(int u, int l, int r)
{
	if (tr[u].r <= r && tr[u].l >= l)
		{
			return tr[u].sum;
		}
	if (tr[u].tag)
		pushdown(u);
	int sum = 0;
	int mid = tr[u].r + tr[u].l >> 1;
	if (l <= mid)
		sum += query(u << 1, l, r);
	if (r > mid)
		sum += query(u << 1 | 1, l, r);

	return sum;
}


void solve()
{
	cin >> n >> q;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		{
			cin >> a[i];
		}
	build(1, 1, n);

	for (int i = 1; i <= q; i++)
		{
			int op, x, y;
			cin >> op;
			if (op == 1)
				{
					cin >> x >> y;
					update(1, x, x, y);
					cout << query(1, 1, n) << endl;
				}
			else
				{
					cin >> y;

					update(1, 1, n, y);
					cout << query(1, 1, n) << endl;

				}
		}

}




signed main()
{
	std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	std::cin.tie(nullptr);
	//#ifdef LOCAL
	//freopen("data.in.txt","r",stdin);
	//freopen("data.out.txt","w",stdout);
	//#endif
	int __ = 1;
	//cin>>__;
	while (__--)
		{
			solve();
		}
	return 0;
}
/*
5 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 1 5
2 10
1 5 11
1 4 1
2 1


19
50
51
42
5

*/

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