文章目录
1. 动态求连续区间和（线段树）
💡💡💡思路：
典型的线段树点修改与区间和
public class Main{
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
static int N = (int) (1e5 + 10);
static int[] a = new int[N];
static node[] t = new node[N*4];
static int n = 0, m = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
init();
String[]nm = br.readLine().split(" ");
n = Integer.parseInt(nm[0]);
m = Integer.parseInt(nm[1]);
String[] aa = br.readLine().split(" ");
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
a[i] = Integer.parseInt(aa[i - 1]);
}
build(1,1,n);
for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
String[]kab = br.readLine().split(" ");
int k = Integer.parseInt(kab[0]);
int a = Integer.parseInt(kab[1]);
int b = Integer.parseInt(kab[2]);
if(k == 0) {
System.out.println(query(1,a,b));
}else {
update(1,a,a,b);
}
}
}
private static void update(int p, int l, int r, int d) {
if(t[p].l >= l && t[p].r <= r) {
t[p].sum += (t[p].r - t[p].l + 1)*d;
t[p].add += d;
return;
}
spread(p);
int mid = (t[p].l + t[p].r) >> 1;
if(l <= mid) {
update(p*2, l, r,d);
}
if(r > mid) {
update(p*2+1, l, r,d);
}
t[p].sum = t[p*2].sum + t[p*2 + 1].sum;
}
private static void spread(int p) {
if(t[p].add == 0) {
return;
}
t[p*2].sum += t[p].add*(t[p*2].r - t[p*2].l + 1);
t[p*2 + 1].sum += t[p].add*(t[p*2 + 1].r - t[p*2 + 1].l + 1);
t[p*2].add += t[p].add;
t[p*2+1].add += t[p].add;
t[p].add = 0;
}
private static long query(int p, int l, int r) {
if(t[p].l >= l && t[p].r <= r) {
return t[p].sum;
}
spread(p);
long val = 0;
int mid = (t[p].l + t[p].r) >> 1;
if(l <= mid) {
val += query(p*2, l, r);
}
if(r > mid) {
val += query(p*2+1, l, r);
}
return val;
}
private static void init() {
for(int i = 0; i < N*4; i++) {
t[i] = new node();
}
}
private static void build(int p, int l, int r) {
t[p].l = l;
t[p].r = r;
if(l == r) {
t[p].sum = a[l];
return;
}
int mid = (t[p].l + t[p].r) >> 1;
build(p*2,l,mid);
build(p*2+1, mid + 1, r);
t[p].sum = t[p*2].sum + t[p*2+1].sum;
}
}
class node{
int l,r;
int add,sum;
}
2.数星星（树状数组）
3.数列区间最大值（线段树维护区间最大值）
public class Main{
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
static int N = (int) (1e5 + 10);
static int[] a = new int[N];
static node[] t = new node[N*4];
static int n = 0, m = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
init();
String[]nm = br.readLine().split(" ");
n = Integer.parseInt(nm[0]);
m = Integer.parseInt(nm[1]);
String[] aa = br.readLine().split(" ");
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
a[i] = Integer.parseInt(aa[i - 1]);
}
build(1,1,n);
for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
String[]ab = br.readLine().split(" ");
int a = Integer.parseInt(ab[0]);
int b = Integer.parseInt(ab[1]);
out.println(query(1,a,b));
}
out.flush();
}
private static long query(int p, int l, int r) {
if(t[p].l >= l && t[p].r <= r) {
return t[p].maxn;
}
long val = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; //注意初始化
int mid = (t[p].l + t[p].r) >> 1;
if(l <= mid) {
val =Math.max(val, query(p*2, l, r));
}
if(r > mid) {
val = Math.max(val,query(p*2+1, l, r));
}
return val;
}
private static void init() {
for(int i = 0; i < N*4; i++) {
t[i] = new node();
}
}
private static void build(int p, int l, int r) {
t[p].l = l;
t[p].r = r;
if(l == r) {
t[p].maxn = a[l];
return;
}
int mid = (t[p].l + t[p].r) >> 1;
build(p*2,l,mid);
build(p*2+1, mid + 1, r);
t[p].maxn = Math.max(t[p*2].maxn , t[p*2+1].maxn);
}
}
class node{
int l,r;
int maxn;
}
4.小朋友排队（归并排序/树状数组/冒泡）
思路：其实就是求每个人前面比它大的，后面比它小的，显然是求逆序对
法1：冒泡排序
显然求解过程符合冒泡排序的原理，每次只允许交换相邻的两个元素，但是这种方法肯定是会T的
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
const int N = 100010;
struct node {
int val;
int k;
}a[N];
signed main() {
int n;
cin >> n;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
cin >> a[i].val;
a[i].k = 0;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i ++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= n - 1; j ++) {
if (a[j].val > a[j+1].val) {
a[j].k ++;
a[j+1].k ++;
node t = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = t;
}
}
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
// cout << a[i].k << ' ';
sum += a[i].k * (a[i].k + 1) / 2;
}
cout << sum;;
}
法2：归并排序
同平时的归并排序求逆序对有所不同，我们需要求前面比它大的，后面比它小的，因此需要进行两次归并排序，升序排序求前面比它大的个数，降序排序求后面比他小的。
需要注意的是java中深拷贝与浅拷贝（深拷贝中基本数据类型是值传递，但是引用类型的话就是指向同一地址空间，所以在对b进行赋值的时候，不能直接将a赋值给b，会导致他俩的操作互相影响）
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
const int N = 100010;
struct node {
int val;
int k;
}a[N];
signed main() {
int n;
cin >> n;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
cin >> a[i].val;
a[i].k = 0;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i ++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= n - 1; j ++) {
if (a[j].val > a[j+1].val) {
a[j].k ++;
a[j+1].k ++;
node t = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = t;
}
}
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
// cout << a[i].k << ' ';
sum += a[i].k * (a[i].k + 1) / 2;
}
cout << sum;;
}
5.油漆面积（线段树/扫描线❗）
**
法1：暴力枚举标记（TLE）
需要注意遍历循环的下标范围
比如上图说（1，1）和（4，4）为矩形两个对角点，那么我们可以覆盖的范围显然是绿色部分（所以遍历的时候两边只能取到一边，取哪边都是可以的）
for(int x = x1 + 1; x <= x2; x++) {
for(int y = y1 + 1; y <= y2; y++) {
if(!vis[x][y]) {
vis[x][y] = true;
sum++;
}
}
}
public class Main{
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
static int N = (int) (1e4 + 10);
static boolean vis[][] = new boolean[N][N];
static int n = 0, m = 0;
static long sum = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
n = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
String[] xy = br.readLine().split(" ");
int x1 = Integer.parseInt(xy[0]);
int y1= Integer.parseInt(xy[1]);
int x2 = Integer.parseInt(xy[2]);
int y2 = Integer.parseInt(xy[3]);
for(int x = x1; x < x2; x++) { //此处不能取等号，否则会导致多算
for(int y = y1; y < y2; y++) { //此处同上
if(!vis[x][y]) {
vis[x][y] = true;
sum++;
}
}
}
}
out.println(sum);
out.flush();
}
}
法2：线段树+扫面线（有点难😢）
有点难
留坑
6.三体攻击（二分+前缀和+三维差分❗）
感觉看起来像差分，但是并不会，哈哈哈
没想到还有三维差分（✪ ω ✪）
具有单调性，二分答案判定是否可行
s(x,y,z)
b(x,y.x)
首先压缩掉z轴
s(x.y,z) = s(x - 1,y,z) + s(x,y-1,z)-s(x-1,y-1,z)+b(x,y,z)+s(x,y,z-1)-s(x-1,y,z-1)-s(x,y-1,z-1)+s(x-1,y-1,z-1)
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main
{
static final int N = 2000010;
static long s[] = new long[N], b[] = new long[N],bp[] = new long[N];
static int op[][] = new int[N / 2][7];
static int d[][] =
{
{0, 0, 0, 1},
{0, 0, 1, -1},
{0, 1, 0, -1},
{0, 1, 1, 1},
{1, 0, 0, -1},
{1, 0, 1, 1},
{1, 1, 0, 1},
{1, 1, 1, -1},
};
static int A, B, C, m;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String str1[] = br.readLine().split(" ");
A = Integer.parseInt(str1[0]);
B = Integer.parseInt(str1[1]);
C = Integer.parseInt(str1[2]);
m = Integer.parseInt(str1[3]);
String str2[] = br.readLine().split(" ");
for(int i = 1; i <= A; i ++)
for(int j = 1; j <= B; j ++)
for(int k = 1; k <= C; k ++)
s[get(i, j, k)] = Long.parseLong(str2[get(i - 1, j - 1, k - 1)]);
//构造差分矩阵b[]
for(int i = 1; i <= A; i ++)
for(int j = 1; j <= B; j ++)
for(int k = 1; k <= C; k ++)
for(int u = 0; u < 8; u ++)
{
int x = i - d[u][0], y = j - d[u][1], z = k - d[u][2], t = d[u][3];
b[get(i, j, k)] += s[get(x, y, z)] * t;
}
//操作
for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++)
{
String str3[] = br.readLine().split(" ");
for(int j = 0; j < 7; j ++)
op[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(str3[j]);
}
//二分攻击次数
int l = 1, r = m;
int res = -1;
while(l <= r) {
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
if(check(mid)) {
res = mid;
r = mid - 1;
}else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
System.out.println(res);
}
//三维坐标(i, j, k)映射成一维坐标(i * B + j) * C + k
public static int get(int i, int j, int k)
{
return (i * B + j) * C + k;
}
//二分答案
public static boolean check(int mid)
{
//拷贝一份
for(int i = 0; i < N; i ++)
bp[i] = b[i];
for(int i = 1; i <= mid; i ++)
{
int x1 = op[i][0], x2 = op[i][1];
int y1 = op[i][2], y2 = op[i][3];
int z1 = op[i][4], z2 = op[i][5];
int h = op[i][6];
bp[get( x1, y1, z1)] -= h;
bp[get( x1, y1, z2 + 1)] += h;
bp[get( x1, y2 + 1, z1)] += h;
bp[get( x1, y2 + 1, z2 + 1)] -= h;
bp[get(x2 + 1, y1, z1)] += h;
bp[get(x2 + 1, y1, z2 + 1)] -= h;
bp[get(x2 + 1, y2 + 1, z1)] -= h;
bp[get(x2 + 1, y2 + 1, z2 + 1)] += h;
}
Arrays.fill(s, 0);
for(int i = 1; i <= A; i ++)
for(int j = 1; j <= B; j ++)
for(int k = 1; k <= C; k ++)
{
s[get(i, j, k)] = bp[get(i, j, k)];
for(int u = 1; u < 8; u ++)
{
int x = i - d[u][0], y = j - d[u][1], z = k - d[u][2], t = d[u][3];
s[get(i, j, k)] -= s[get(x, y, z)] * t;
}
if(s[get(i, j, k)] < 0)
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
7.螺旋折线(推规律)❗
看大佬的博客，真的很奇妙博客来源
找规律发现每层的右上角所需步数为4k*k,我们可以先通过坐标推出所在的层数，因为我们是顺时针转的，所以当点在
该层的左或上的时候，减去该点到右上角的曼哈顿距离，如果在该层的有或下加上该点到右上角的曼哈顿距离。
注意数据范围
public class Main{
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
static int N = (int) (2e6 + 10);
static int n = 0, m = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String[] xy = br.readLine().split(" ");
long x = Long.parseLong(xy[0]);
long y = Long.parseLong(xy[1]);
long k = Math.max(Math.abs(x),Math.abs(y));
long base = 4 * k * k;
if(x >= y) {
System.out.println(base + Math.abs(x - k) + Math.abs(y - k));
}else {
System.out.println(base - Math.abs(x - k) - Math.abs(y - k));
}
}
}
8.差分（差分）
差分模板
public class Main{
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((System.in)));
static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
static int N = (int)(1e5 + 100);
static int[] a = new int[N];
static int[] d = new int[N];
static int n = 0, m = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String[]nm = br.readLine().split(" ");
n = Integer.parseInt(nm[0]);
m = Integer.parseInt(nm[1]);
String[] aa = br.readLine().split(" ");
for(int i = 1;i <= n; i++){
a[i] = Integer.parseInt(aa[i - 1]);
d[i] = a[i] - a[i - 1];
}
for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
String[] lrc = br.readLine().split(" ");
int l = Integer.parseInt(lrc[0]);
int r = Integer.parseInt(lrc[1]);
int c = Integer.parseInt(lrc[2]);
d[l]+=c; d[r+1]-=c;
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
a[i] = d[i] + a[i - 1];
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
System.out.print(a[i] + " ");
}
}
}
9.差分矩阵（二维差分）
画个图，类比一下一维差分就好啦
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class Main{
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
static int N = (int) (1e3 + 10);
static int[][] d = new int[N][N];
static long [][] sum = new long[N][N];
static int n = 0, m = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String[] nm = br.readLine().split(" ");
n = Integer.parseInt(nm[0]);
m = Integer.parseInt(nm[1]);
int q = Integer.parseInt(nm[2]);
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
String[] aa = br.readLine().split(" ");
for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
sum[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(aa[j - 1]);
insert(i,j,i,j,sum[i][j]);
}
}
for(int i = 1; i <= q; i++) {
String[] ops = br.readLine().split(" ");
int x1 = Integer.parseInt(ops[0]);
int y1 = Integer.parseInt(ops[1]);
int x2 = Integer.parseInt(ops[2]);
int y2 = Integer.parseInt(ops[3]);
long c = Long.parseLong(ops[4]);
insert(x1, y1, x2, y2, c);
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
sum[i][j] = sum[i - 1][j] + sum[i][j - 1] - sum[i - 1][j - 1] + d[i][j];
}
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
out.print(sum[i][j] + " ");
}
out.println();
}
out.flush();
}
private static void insert(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, long c) {
d[x1][y1] += c;
d[x1][y2 +1] -= c;
d[x2 + 1][y1] -= c;
d[x2 + 1][y2 + 1] += c;
}
}
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