Java 中使用 Redis 实现消息订阅/发布

Redis 提供了 Pub/Sub (发布/订阅) 模式，允许客户端订阅频道并接收发布到这些频道的消息。以下是 Java 中使用 Redis 实现消息订阅的几种方式。

1. 使用 Jedis 客户端

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.1</version>
</dependency>

基本订阅示例

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPubSub;

public class RedisSubscriber {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 Jedis 连接
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost", 6379);
        
        // 创建订阅者
        JedisPubSub subscriber = new JedisPubSub() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(String channel, String message) {
                System.out.println("收到消息 - 频道: " + channel + ", 内容: " + message);
            }
            
            @Override
            public void onSubscribe(String channel, int subscribedChannels) {
                System.out.println("订阅成功 - 频道: " + channel);
            }
        };
        
        // 订阅频道
        jedis.subscribe(subscriber, "myChannel");
    }
}

发布消息

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

public class RedisPublisher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost", 6379);
        jedis.publish("myChannel", "Hello, Redis Pub/Sub!");
        jedis.close();
    }
}

2. 使用 Lettuce 客户端 (推荐)

Lettuce 是另一个流行的 Redis Java 客户端，支持响应式编程。

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
    <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
    <version>6.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

订阅示例

import io.lettuce.core.RedisClient;
import io.lettuce.core.pubsub.RedisPubSubListener;
import io.lettuce.core.pubsub.StatefulRedisPubSubConnection;
import io.lettuce.core.pubsub.api.sync.RedisPubSubCommands;

public class LettuceSubscriber {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RedisClient client = RedisClient.create("redis://localhost");
        StatefulRedisPubSubConnection<String, String> connection = client.connectPubSub();
        
        connection.addListener(new RedisPubSubListener<String, String>() {
            @Override
            public void message(String channel, String message) {
                System.out.println("收到消息 - 频道: " + channel + ", 内容: " + message);
            }
            
            @Override
            public void message(String pattern, String channel, String message) {
                // 模式匹配的消息
            }
            
            @Override
            public void subscribed(String channel, long count) {
                System.out.println("订阅成功 - 频道: " + channel);
            }
            
            // 其他需要实现的方法...
        });
        
        RedisPubSubCommands<String, String> sync = connection.sync();
        sync.subscribe("myChannel");
        
        // 保持程序运行以持续接收消息
        try {
            Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        connection.close();
        client.shutdown();
    }
}

3. Spring Data Redis 集成

如果你使用 Spring Boot，可以更方便地集成 Redis Pub/Sub，这也是比较常用的方式

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置 Redis 容器

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.ChannelTopic;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public RedisMessageListenerContainer container(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
                                                 RedisMessageSubscriber subscriber) {
        RedisMessageListenerContainer container = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        container.addMessageListener(subscriber, new ChannelTopic("myChannel"));
        return container;
    }
}

配置订阅

import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.Message;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class RedisMessageSubscriber implements MessageListener {

    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message, byte[] pattern) {
        System.out.println("收到消息: " + new String(message.getBody()));
    }
}

发布消息

import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class RedisMessagePublisher {
    
    private final RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
    
    public RedisMessagePublisher(RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate) {
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
    }
    
    public void publish(String message) {
        redisTemplate.convertAndSend("myChannel", message);
    }
}

高级功能

模式匹配订阅：可以使用 psubscribe 订阅匹配模式的频道

取消订阅

处理连接断开：实现 onPMessage, onPUnsubscribe 等方法处理各种事件

//模式匹配订阅
// Jedis
jedis.psubscribe(subscriber, "news.*");

// Lettuce
sync.psubscribe("news.*");


//取消订阅
subscriber.unsubscribe("myChannel");
subscriber.punsubscribe("news.*");