esp32单片机在arduino环境下，串口接收解码

当主控芯片发送一串数据，但此数据为一串字符串，需要将此字符串翻译成整型数组，以形成指令，控制串口屏。

例如：esp32单片机接收到字符串：{"action_type":2,"tem_in":35,"tem_in_warn":50,"tem_out":23,"tem_out_warn":50,"data_type":1}，就将里面的'2'，'35'，'50'，'23'，等数据解析出来，形成整形数据，替换数组中相应的数据，最终将数组发送给串口屏，形成一系列指令。

ardiuno代码如下：

#include <HardwareSerial.h>    //导入ESP32串口操作库,使用这个库我们可以把串口映射到其他的引脚上使用
HardwareSerial MySerial_stm32(0);
String comdata = "";
uint8_t DataReceive[10];
uint8_t data1[]={0xAA,0x01,0x13,0x00,0x06,0xff,0x40,0xfe,0x0a,0xfd,0x02,0x00};                       //发送给串口屏的数据
uint8_t data2[]={0xAA,0x01,0x14,0x00,0x0a,0xff,0x40,0xfe,0x45,0xfd,0x32,0xfc,0x40,0xfb,0x02,0x00};   //水温值显示页面
uint8_t data3[]={0xAA,0x01,0x15,0x00,0x06,0xff,0x01,0xfe,0x32,0xfd,0x02,0x00};                       //


//解码函数
void Decode(String str){
  int ret = 16;      //记录冒号的位置 
  int reg = 0;       //记录逗号的位置
  int i=0;
  String str_num=""; //接收解码的数据
  while(1)
  {
    ret = comdata.indexOf(":",ret);  //寻找从ret位置开始，第一个冒号的位置               
    reg = comdata.indexOf(",",ret);  //寻找从ret位置开始，第一个逗号的位置
    if(ret==-1)
    {
      break;
    }
    if(reg==-1)
    {
      reg = comdata.indexOf("}",ret);
    }
    //Serial.println(ret);
    //Serial.println(reg);

    str_num=str.substring(ret + 1, reg);     //截取字符串中有效数据
    
    //Serial.println(str_num);                     
    DataReceive[i] = str_num.toInt();        //将字符串转为整形数据存于数组中           
    i++;
    ret = reg +1; 
  }
   
}


void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(115200);                      //设置串口波特率
  
}


void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  while (Serial.available() > 0)  
  {
      comdata += char(Serial.read());
      delay(2);
  }
  

  //Serial.println(comdata);

  // 在字符串中间查找子字符串
  if (comdata.substring(2, 13) == "action_type") {
    //Serial.println("It's a text-based file");
    int num = comdata.charAt(15) - '0';
    //Serial.println(num);

    Decode(comdata);

    switch(num)
    {
      case 1:
        data1[6]=DataReceive[0];
        data1[8]=DataReceive[1];
        data1[10]=DataReceive[2];
        //Serial.println(data1[8]);
        Serial.write(data1,sizeof(data1));         //将数据发送给串口屏
        delay(50);
        Serial.write(data1,sizeof(data1));
        break;

      case 2:
        data2[6]=DataReceive[0];
        data2[8]=DataReceive[1];
        data2[10]=DataReceive[2];
        data2[12]=DataReceive[3];
        data2[14]=DataReceive[4];
        Serial.write(data2,sizeof(data2));
        delay(50);
        Serial.write(data2,sizeof(data2));
        break;
      case 3:
        data3[6]=DataReceive[0];
        data3[8]=DataReceive[1];
        data3[10]=DataReceive[2];
        Serial.write(data3,sizeof(data3));
        delay(50);
        Serial.write(data3,sizeof(data3));
        break;
            
      default:break;     
    }
    
  }
  comdata = "";                                 //清空上次接收到的字符串数据
}