1.继承和多态基础知识
菱形继承需要用vitual关键字防止内存的重复使用,多态主要有静态多态和动态多态。
静态多态主要是在调用过程中函数的重载,在编译阶段前就确定函数地址。
动态多态实在运行阶段才确定函数的地址。动态多态主要实在父类的指针指向子类开辟的堆区指针的时候使用,可以使得以此方式调用子类的时候不至于出现混淆调用的情况。
纯虚函数的使用,在编程时能够使得代码更加清晰,且可读性强。对于析构的多态使用,能使得子类析构函数的内存得到释放,需要加上virtual关键字修饰。在水上飞机例题中调用virtural可以了解到子类和父类调用的顺序,在函数重载中使得代码结构清晰。
下面是c++继承和多态的经典示例水上飞机问题:
class CRAFT
{
protected:
double speed;
public:
CRAFT(double m_speed)//注意这个地方有一个引用
{
speed=m_speed;
cout<<"创建航行器(速度: "<<speed<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual void Show()
{
cout<<"航行(速度: "<<speed<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual ~CRAFT()
{
cout<<"销毁航行器(速度: "<<speed<<")"<<endl;
}
};
class PLANE:virtual public CRAFT
{
protected:
double width;
public:
PLANE(double m_speed,double m_width):CRAFT(m_speed),width(m_width)
{
cout<<"创建飞机(翼展: "<<width<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual void Show()
{
cout<<"航行(速度: "<<speed<<","<<" 翼展: "<<width<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual ~PLANE()
{
cout<<"销毁飞机(翼展: "<<width<<")"<<endl;
}
};
class SHIP:virtual public CRAFT
{
protected:
double depth;
public:
SHIP(double m_speed,double m_depth):CRAFT(m_speed),depth(m_depth)
{
cout<<"创建船(吃水: "<<depth<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual void Show()
{
cout<<"航行(速度: "<<speed<<", 吃水: "<<depth<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual ~SHIP()
{
cout<<"销毁船(吃水: "<<depth<<")"<<endl;
}
};
class SEAPLANE:public PLANE,public SHIP
{
public:
SEAPLANE(double m_speed,double m_width,double m_depth):CRAFT(m_speed),PLANE(m_speed,m_width),SHIP(m_speed,m_depth)
{
cout<<"创建水上飞机"<<endl;
}
virtual void Show()
{
cout<<"航行(速度: "<<speed<<", 翼展: "<<width<<", 吃水: "<<depth<<")"<<endl;
}
virtual ~SEAPLANE()
{
cout<<"销毁水上飞机"<<endl;
}
};