论蓝桥杯的按键的使用

对于这个按键确实比较狗的，因为这个HAL库只能延迟MS，不能延迟微妙，所以我后面采用了一个定时器的方法实现了微妙的延迟，而且在后面得一些程序中也可以使用，因为假如使用滴答计时器的话就比较消耗整个系统的进行，还是自己开一个定时器比较好吧，我个人是这样理解的。

对于写程序，应该先看原理图：

然后进行CUBEMAX的配置：

可以说还是比较简单的，然后看一下国信长天的代码：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_All, GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		//B4
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0) == GPIO_PIN_RESET){
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_14 | GPIO_PIN_15, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		}
		
		//B1
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0) == GPIO_PIN_RESET){
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_8 | GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		}
		
		//B2
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1) == GPIO_PIN_RESET){
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_10 | GPIO_PIN_11, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		}
		
		//B3
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2) == GPIO_PIN_RESET){
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_12 | GPIO_PIN_13, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
			HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		}
  }
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15|GPIO_PIN_8 
                          |GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PC13 PC14 PC15 PC8 
                           PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13|GPIO_PIN_14|GPIO_PIN_15|GPIO_PIN_8 
                          |GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_12;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PA0 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PB0 PB1 PB2 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PD2 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOD, &GPIO_InitStruct);

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

这样来看还是没有问题的，但是我按键延迟一般来说还喜欢延迟10微妙，看一下我的按键延迟：

#define KEY0	HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0)
#define KEY1	HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1)
#define KEY2	HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2)
#define KEY3	HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0)

void delayXus(uint16_t us)
{
	uint16_t differ=0;
	__HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(&htim2,0);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim2);
	while(differ<us+5)
	{
		differ=__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim2);
	}
	HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim2);
	
}

void delayXms(uint8_t ms)
{
	uint8_t differ=0;
	__HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(&htim2,0);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim2);
	while(differ<ms*1000)
	{
		differ=__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim2);
	}
	HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(&htim2);
}

uint8_t keyScan(void)
{
	static uint8_t key_up=1;
	if(key_up&&(KEY0==0||KEY1==0||KEY3==0||KEY2==0))
	{
		delayXus(10);
		key_up=0;
		if(KEY0==0){return 1;}
		if(KEY1==0){return 2;}
		if(KEY2==0){return 3;}
		if(KEY3==0){return 4;}
	}
	else
	{
		if(KEY0==1&&KEY2==1&&KEY3==1&&KEY1==1)
		{
			key_up=1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

这样就比较0K了，对于按键的响应时间100MS绰绰有余，已经在自己的工程里面试过了。

对于后面会继续发表自己对蓝桥杯的看法的。