目录
1、设计类A具有public, protected, private等不同属性的成员函数或变量;
2、类B,C,D分别通过public, protected, private等不同方式继承A,在类B,C,D的成员函数中测试访问A的成员函数或变量;
3、在类B,C,D中添加public, protected, private等不同属性的成员函数或变量,在外部测试访问B,C,D的各个成员函数或变量;
4、D以private方式继承A,尝试把A中的部分public成员提升为public。
2、设计类B继承A,添加私有变量b;在类C中测试访问类B的成员变量a, b;
3、 设计类D继承C,在D的成员函数中测试访问类A的成员变量a,类B的成员变量a, b。
1.一般多态性函数:输入输出参数完全一样,在父类中添加virtual;
2.特殊多态性函数:输入或输出参数在子类中是父类的指针或基类的引用,在子类中对于的是子类的指针或子类的引用;
5.设计矢量图,运用多继承设计组合图形,要求具备创建不同类型矢量图、选择图形、移动图形、用不同颜色显示图形(表示选中与否),用vector或数组管理
一、继承访问权限测试
1、设计类A具有public, protected, private等不同属性的成员函数或变量;
class A {
public:
int m_A;
protected:
int m_B;
private:
int m_C;
};
2、类B,C,D分别通过public, protected, private等不同方式继承A,在类B,C,D的成员函数中测试访问A的成员函数或变量;
class B :public A {
public:
void test01(){
m_A = 10;
m_B = 20;
//m_C = 30;//B公共继承A可以访问A中的public和protected属性,private属性访问不到
}
int m_B_A;
protected:
int m_B_B;
private:
int m_B_C;
};
class C :protected A {
public:
void test02() {
m_A = 10;
m_B = 20;
//m_C = 30;//C公共继承A可以访问A中的public和protected属性,private属性访问不到
}
int m_C_A;
protected:
int m_C_B;
private:
int m_C_C;
};
class D :private A {
public:
void test03() {
m_A = 10;
m_B = 20;
//m_C = 30;//D公共继承A可以访问A中的public和protected属性,private属性访问不到
}
using A::m_A;
//D以private方式继承A,用using A::m_A可以把A中的部分public成员提升为public。
int m_D_A;
protected:
int m_D_B;
private:
int m_D_C;
};
3、在类B,C,D中添加public, protected, private等不同属性的成员函数或变量,在外部测试访问B,C,D的各个成员函数或变量;
void test() {
A a;
a.m_A ;
//a.m_B;protected属性在类外不可访问
//a.m_C;private属性在类外不可访问
B b;
b.m_A;
b.m_B_A;
//b.m_B;
// b.m_B_B;
//b.m_C;
//b.m_B_C;
C c;
c.m_C_A;
//c.m_A; c.m_B; c.m_C_A;
//C保护继承A在类外访问不到A中的成员变量
//c.m_C_B;c.m_C_C;
//protected和private属性在类外访问不到
D d;
d.m_A;
//using A::m_A可以把A中的部分public成员提升为public,在类外可以访问A中的m_A;
d.m_D_A;
// d.m_B; d.m_C_A;
//D私有继承A在类外访问不到A中的成员变量
//d.m_D_B;d.m_D_C;
//protected和private属性在类外访问不到
}
4、D以private方式继承A,尝试把A中的部分public成员提升为public。
二、友元类继承测试
1、设计类A含有私有变量a,在类A中友元给类C;
class A {
private:
int m_A;
friend class C;
};
2、设计类B继承A,添加私有变量b;在类C中测试访问类B的成员变量a, b;
class B : private A {
private:
int m_B;
};
class C {
public:
void test01() {
B b;
b.m_A = 10;
//b.m_B = 10;//在类A中友元给类C,可以访问A中私有成员变量,但不可访问B中私有成员变量;
}
};
3、 设计类D继承C,在D的成员函数中测试访问类A的成员变量a,类B的成员变量a, b。
class D : private C {
public:
void test02(){
A a;
//a.m_A = 10;
B b;
//b.m_A = 20;
//b.m_B = 30;
//类A中友元给类C,但D继承C无法访问类A和类B中的成员变量
}
};
三、多态性综合运用
1.一般多态性函数:输入输出参数完全一样,在父类中添加virtual;
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal {
public:
Animal(){}
Animal(int legs) {
m_legs = legs;
}
virtual void Move() {
cout << "this is Aniaml" << endl;
}
protected:
int m_legs;
};
//Animal::Animal(){
//
//}
class Cat : virtual public Animal {
public:
Cat(){}
Cat(int legs) {
m_legs = legs;
}
virtual void Move() {
cout << "this is Cat" << endl;
}
};
class Dog : virtual public Animal {
public:
Dog(){}
Dog(int legs) {
m_legs = legs;
}
virtual void Move() {
cout << "this is Dog" << endl;
}
};
class Hen : public Cat,public Dog {
public:
Hen(){}
Hen(int legs) {
m_legs = legs;
}
virtual void Move() {
cout << "this is Hen" << endl;
}
};
void test01() {
/*Animal an(0);
an.Move();
Cat cat(4);
cat.Move();
Dog dog(4);
dog.Move();
Hen hen(4);
hen.Move();*/
Animal* pA[4];
pA[0] = new Animal(0);
pA[1] = new Cat(4);
pA[2] = new Dog(4);
pA[3] = new Hen(2);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
pA[i]->Move();
}
}
int main() {
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/282c006ef58a45f5a8425d7124594e01.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA44GD5bCP55S35a2p44Gk,size_19,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)
2.特殊多态性函数:输入或输出参数在子类中是父类的指针或基类的引用,在子类中对于的是子类的指针或子类的引用;
添加函数doMove(),然后通过引用调用
void doMove(Animal& animal) {
animal.Move();
}
Animal an;
Cat cat;
Dog dog;
Hen hen;
doMove(an);
doMove(cat);
doMove(dog);
doMove(hen);
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6aa768e3da9b429482adc5af3184a06e.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA44GD5bCP55S35a2p44Gk,size_15,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)
3.析构函数的多态性;
我们在应用C++的多态特性时,常常会碰到一种情况,就是当指向基类的指针被释放时,派生类的析构函数其实没有被调用,导致在派生类中申请的空间没有被释放,导致内存泄漏。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mammal {
public:
Mammal() { cout << "Mammal构造函数" << endl; }
~Mammal() { cout << "Mammal 析构函数"<< endl; }
virtual void Speak() const { cout << "Mammal speak!" << endl;; }
};
class Dog :public Mammal {
public:
Dog() {
p = new int(0);
cout << "Dog 构造函数" << endl;
}
~Dog() {
cout << "Dog 析构函数" << endl;
delete p;
}
void Speak() const { cout << "Woof!" << endl; }
private:
int* p;
};
int main() {
Mammal* pDog = new Dog;
pDog->Speak();
delete pDog;
return 0;
}
由运行结果可知:
派生类Dog的析构函数没有调用,Dog的构造函数申请的空间泄漏了。
此时,虚析构函数能够有效的防止这种情况的出现。
使用虚析构后
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Mammal {
public:
Mammal() { cout << "Mammal构造函数" << endl; }
virtual ~Mammal() { cout << "Mammal 析构函数"<< endl; }
virtual void Speak() const { cout << "Mammal speak!" << endl;; }
};
class Dog :public Mammal {
public:
Dog() {
p = new int(0);
cout << "Dog 构造函数" << endl;
}
~Dog() {
cout << "Dog 析构函数" << endl;
delete p;
}
void Speak() const { cout << "Woof!" << endl; }
private:
int* p;
};
int main() {
Mammal* pDog = new Dog;
pDog->Speak();
delete pDog;
return 0;
}
4.多继承,注意什么情况需要虚继承;
如图,假如存在如下图继承关系,CCat和CEagle继承自CAnimal,COwl又继承自CCat和CEagle。
实验结果表明:
如果一个派生类从多个基类派生,而这些基类又有一个共同的基类,则在对该基类中声明的成员进行访问时,可能产生二义性。
解决方法:
消除成员访问时的二义性,虚继承便可消除二义性,要使某个公共基类在派生类中只产生一个子对象,必须将该基类声明为虚继承,使这个基类成为虚基类;虚继承是在继承时使用关键字virtual将被继承的类声明为虚基类,使公共基类的成员在重复继承的派生类中只产生一个拷贝。
5.设计矢量图,运用多继承设计组合图形,要求具备创建不同类型矢量图、选择图形、移动图形、用不同颜色显示图形(表示选中与否),用vector或数组管理
Main.cpp
#include<vector>
#include "graphics.h"
#include<iostream>
#include "CShape.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//初始化画布大小为800*600
initgraph(800, 600);
setbkcolor(WHITE);
delay_ms(0);
//设置画图颜色
setcolor(BLACK);
setfont(18, 0, "宋体");
setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
/*enter + 左击-->新建矩形");
enter+右击-->新建三角形");
enter+滚轮中间-->新建组合图形
ctrl+左击-->复制图形");
ctrl+右击-->粘贴图形");*/
vector<CShape*>shapes;
vector<CShape*>shapestmp;
//初始化一个矩形、三角形、符合图形
shapes.push_back(new CTriangle(CPoint(220, 220), CPoint(350, 380), CPoint(540, 350)));
shapes.push_back(new CRect(CPoint(200, 50), CPoint(400, 100)));
shapes.push_back(new Comgraphics(CRect(CPoint(150, 450))));
bool move_flag = false;
bool copy_flag = false;
bool redraw = true;
//鼠标点击时记录它的坐标
int clickX, clickY;
int copyX, copyY;
int checkedid = -1;
int copyid = -1;
for (; is_run(); delay_fps(60)) {
while (mousemsg()) {
mouse_msg msg = getmouse();
//获取鼠标消息,此函数不会等待,运行后会立即返回
if (msg.is_move()) {
if (checkedid != -1) {
if (move_flag) {
shapes[checkedid]->Move(msg.x - clickX, msg.y - clickY);
}
}
clickX = msg.x;
clickY = msg.y;
redraw = true;
}
// 判断鼠标左键
else if (msg.is_left()) {
// 判断鼠标左键是否按下
if (msg.is_down()) {
clickX = msg.x;
clickY = msg.y;
CPoint pt = CPoint(clickX, clickY);
int isIn = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
if (shapes[i]->ptIn(pt)) {
isIn = 1;
//如果鼠标在图形区域内就设置移动的flag为true
move_flag = true;
checkedid = i;
redraw = true;
break;
}
}
if (isIn == 0)
checkedid = -1;
}
else {
move_flag = false;
}
}
}
// 重新绘图
if (redraw) {
redraw = false;
cleardevice();
for (int i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
if (i == checkedid)
shapes[i]->DrawColor();
else
shapes[i]->Draw();
}
}
while (kbmsg()) {
key_msg msgk = getkey();
if (msgk.key == key_enter && msgk.msg == key_msg_down) {
mouse_msg msgm = getmouse();
if (msgm.is_left()) {
// 判断鼠标左键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
shapes.push_back(new CRect(CPoint(msgm.x, msgm.y)));
redraw = true;
}
}
if (msgm.is_right()) {
// 判断鼠标右键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
shapes.push_back(new CTriangle(CPoint(msgm.x, msgm.y)));
redraw = true;
}
}
if (msgm.is_mid()) {
CRect r1 = CRect(CPoint(msgm.x, msgm.y));
// 判断鼠标中键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
shapes.push_back(new Comgraphics(r1));
redraw = true;
}
}
}
if (msgk.key == key_control && msgk.msg == key_msg_down) {
mouse_msg msgm = getmouse();
if (msgm.is_left()) {
// 判断鼠标左键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
copyX = msgm.x;
copyY = msgm.y;
CPoint pt = CPoint(copyX, copyY);
for (int i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
if (shapes[i]->ptIn(pt)) {
//如果鼠标在图形区域内就设置移动的flag为true
copy_flag = true;
copyid = i;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (msgm.is_right()) {
// 判断鼠标右键是否按下
if (msgm.is_down()) {
if (copy_flag == true) {
shapes.push_back(&(shapes[copyid]->Clone())->Move(msgm.x - copyX, msgm.y - copyY));
redraw = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
closegraph();
return 0;
}
CShape.h
#ifndef CSHAPE_H
#define CSHAPE_H
#include<string>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class CPoint;
class CRect;
class CShape
{
public:
CShape();
CShape(const CShape& shape);
virtual ~CShape();
virtual double GetArea() const;
virtual bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
virtual bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
virtual void Draw() const;
virtual void DrawColor();
virtual CShape* Clone() const;
virtual CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
protected:
string m_sName;
};
class CPoint :public CShape {
public:
int m_nPosX;
int m_nPosY;
CPoint() {
m_nPosX = 0;
m_nPosY = 0;
}
CPoint(int nPosX, int nPosY);
CPoint(const CPoint& pt);
virtual ~CPoint();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CPoint* Clone() const;
CPoint& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
};
//绘制三角形
class CTriangle :virtual public CShape {
public:
CTriangle() {}
CTriangle(const CPoint& pt1, const CPoint& pt2, const CPoint& pt3);
CTriangle(const CTriangle& rc);
CTriangle(const CPoint& pt);
virtual ~CTriangle();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CShape* Clone() const;
CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
CPoint m_pts[3];
};
//绘制矩形
class CRect :virtual public CShape {
public:
CRect() {}
CRect(CPoint pt1, CPoint pt2);
CRect(const CRect& rc);
CRect(CPoint pt1);
virtual ~CRect();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CShape* Clone() const;
CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
CPoint m_ptLT;
CPoint m_ptBR;
};
//绘制符合图形
class Comgraphics :public CRect, public CTriangle {
public:
Comgraphics(const CRect& pt1);
Comgraphics(const Comgraphics& rc);
Comgraphics(const CPoint pt1);
virtual ~Comgraphics();
double GetArea() const;
bool ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const;
bool InRect(const CRect& rc) const;
void Draw() const;
void DrawColor();
CShape* Clone() const;
CShape& Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY);
CPoint m_pt1;
CPoint m_pt2;
};
#endif
CShape.cpp
#include "CShape.h"
#include "graphics.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
CShape::CShape() {}
CShape::CShape(const CShape& shape) {
m_sName = shape.m_sName;
}
CShape::~CShape() {}
double CShape::GetArea() const {
return 0;
}
bool CShape::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return false;
}
bool CShape::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return false;
}
void CShape::Draw() const {}
void CShape::DrawColor() {}
CShape* CShape::Clone() const {
return new CShape(*this);
}
CShape& CShape::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
return *this;
}
//CPoint
CPoint::CPoint(int nPosX, int nPosY) {
m_nPosX = nPosX;
m_nPosY = nPosY;
}
CPoint::CPoint(const CPoint& pt) {
m_nPosX = pt.m_nPosX;
m_nPosY = pt.m_nPosY;
}
CPoint::~CPoint() {}
double CPoint::GetArea() const {
return 0;
}
bool CPoint::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return false;
}
bool CPoint::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return rc.ptIn(*this);
}
void CPoint::Draw() const {
circle(m_nPosX, m_nPosY, 2);
}
void CPoint::DrawColor() {}
CPoint* CPoint::Clone() const {
return new CPoint(*this);
}
CPoint& CPoint::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
m_nPosX += nOffsetX;
m_nPosY += nOffsetY;
return *this;
}
//CTriangle
CTriangle::CTriangle(const CTriangle& tri) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
m_pts[i] = tri.m_pts[i];
}
}
CTriangle::~CTriangle() {}
CTriangle::CTriangle(const CPoint& pt1, const CPoint& pt2, const CPoint& pt3) {
m_pts[0] = pt1;
m_pts[1] = pt2;
m_pts[2] = pt3;
}
CTriangle::CTriangle(const CPoint& pt)
{
CPoint* pt1 = new CPoint(pt.m_nPosX + 100, pt.m_nPosY + 90);
CPoint* pt2 = new CPoint(pt.m_nPosX, pt.m_nPosY + 90);
m_pts[0] = pt;
m_pts[1] = *pt1;
m_pts[2] = *pt2;
}
CShape& CTriangle::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
m_pts[i].Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
}
return *this;
}
double CTriangle::GetArea() const {
int x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3;
x1 = m_pts[0].m_nPosX;
y1 = m_pts[0].m_nPosY;
x2 = m_pts[1].m_nPosX;
y2 = m_pts[1].m_nPosY;
x3 = m_pts[2].m_nPosX;
y3 = m_pts[2].m_nPosY;
double bottomLine = sqrt(pow(x1 - x2, 2) + pow(y1 - y2, 2));
double verticalLine1 = abs((y1 - y2) * x3 - (x1 - x2) * y3 + (x1 - x2) * y2 - (y1 - y2) * x2);
double verticalLine2 = sqrt(pow(y1 - y2, 2) + pow(x1 - x2, 2));
double verticalLine = verticalLine1 / verticalLine2;
return (verticalLine * bottomLine) / 2.0;
}
bool CTriangle::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
CTriangle c1 = CTriangle(m_pts[0], m_pts[1], pt);
CTriangle c2 = CTriangle(m_pts[1], m_pts[2], pt);
CTriangle c3 = CTriangle(m_pts[2], m_pts[0], pt);
double totalArea = c1.GetArea() + c2.GetArea() + c3.GetArea();
if (totalArea == this->GetArea())
return true;
else
return false;
}
bool CTriangle::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return rc.ptIn(m_pts[0]) && rc.ptIn(m_pts[1]) && rc.ptIn(m_pts[2]);
}
void CTriangle::Draw() const {
int poly[8] = { m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY,m_pts[1].m_nPosX,m_pts[1].m_nPosY,
m_pts[2].m_nPosX,m_pts[2].m_nPosY, m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY };
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
fillpoly(4, poly);
}
void CTriangle::DrawColor() {
int poly[8] = { m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY,m_pts[1].m_nPosX,m_pts[1].m_nPosY,
m_pts[2].m_nPosX,m_pts[2].m_nPosY, m_pts[0].m_nPosX ,m_pts[0].m_nPosY };
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xA5, 0x00));
fillpoly(4, poly);
}
CShape* CTriangle::Clone() const {
return new CTriangle(*this);
}
//CRect
CRect::CRect(CPoint pt1, CPoint pt2) {
m_ptLT = CPoint(min(pt1.m_nPosX, pt2.m_nPosX), min(pt1.m_nPosY, pt2.m_nPosY));
m_ptBR = CPoint(max(pt1.m_nPosX, pt2.m_nPosX), max(pt1.m_nPosY, pt2.m_nPosY));
}
CRect::CRect(const CRect& rc) {
m_ptLT = rc.m_ptLT;
m_ptBR = rc.m_ptBR;
}
CRect::CRect(CPoint pt1)
{
m_ptLT = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX, pt1.m_nPosY);
m_ptBR = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX + 100, pt1.m_nPosY + 100);
}
CRect::~CRect() {}
double CRect::GetArea() const {
return (m_ptBR.m_nPosX - m_ptLT.m_nPosX) * (m_ptBR.m_nPosY - m_ptLT.m_nPosY);
}
bool CRect::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return (pt.m_nPosX >= m_ptLT.m_nPosX && pt.m_nPosX <= m_ptBR.m_nPosX) &&
(pt.m_nPosY >= m_ptLT.m_nPosY && pt.m_nPosY <= m_ptBR.m_nPosY);
}
bool CRect::InRect(const CRect& rc) const {
return rc.ptIn(m_ptLT) && rc.ptIn(m_ptBR);
}
void CRect::Draw() const {
// 存储n个顶点的x,y坐标
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形,第一个参数必须要传入n+1,pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
//drawpoly(5, pts);
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
fillpoly(5, pts);
}
void CRect::DrawColor() {
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形,第一个参数必须要传入n+1,pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
setfillcolor(EGERGB(0xFF, 0xA5, 0x00));
fillpoly(5, pts);
}
CShape* CRect::Clone() const {
return new CRect(*this);
}
CShape& CRect::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
m_ptLT.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_ptBR.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
return *this;
}
//Comgraphics
Comgraphics::Comgraphics(const CRect& pt1) {
m_pt1.m_nPosX = pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosX;
m_pt1.m_nPosY = pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosY + (pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosY - pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosY) / 2;
m_pt2.m_nPosX = pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosX + (pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosX - pt1.m_ptLT.m_nPosX) / 2;
m_pt2.m_nPosY = pt1.m_ptBR.m_nPosY;
m_ptLT = pt1.m_ptLT;
m_ptBR = pt1.m_ptBR;
}
Comgraphics::Comgraphics(const Comgraphics& rc) {
m_pt1 = rc.m_pt1;
m_pt2 = rc.m_pt2;
m_ptBR = rc.m_ptBR;
m_ptLT = rc.m_ptLT;
}
Comgraphics::Comgraphics(const CPoint pt1) {
m_ptLT = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX, pt1.m_nPosY);
m_ptBR = CPoint(pt1.m_nPosX + 60, pt1.m_nPosY + 80);
}
Comgraphics::~Comgraphics() {
cout << "Comgraphics::~Comgraphics()" << endl;
}
double Comgraphics::GetArea() const {
return 0.0;
}
bool Comgraphics::ptIn(const CPoint& pt) const {
return (pt.m_nPosX >= m_ptLT.m_nPosX && pt.m_nPosX <= m_ptBR.m_nPosX) &&
(pt.m_nPosY >= m_ptLT.m_nPosY && pt.m_nPosY <= m_ptBR.m_nPosY);
}
bool Comgraphics::InRect(const CRect& rc) const const {
return rc.ptIn(m_ptLT) && rc.ptIn(m_ptBR);
}
void Comgraphics::Draw() const {
// 存储n个顶点的x,y坐标
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形,第一个参数必须要传入n+1,pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
//drawpoly(5, pts);
setfillcolor(GREEN);
fillpoly(5, pts);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY);
}
void Comgraphics::DrawColor() {
// 存储n个顶点的x,y坐标
int pts[10] = { m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY,
m_ptBR.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptBR.m_nPosY,m_ptLT.m_nPosX,m_ptLT.m_nPosY };
// 绘制n个顶点的多边形,第一个参数必须要传入n+1,pts最后一个顶点坐标和第一个相同
setfillcolor(YELLOW);
fillpoly(5, pts);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY, m_pt2.m_nPosX, m_pt2.m_nPosY);
line(m_pt1.m_nPosX, m_pt1.m_nPosY, m_ptLT.m_nPosX, m_ptLT.m_nPosY);
}
CShape* Comgraphics::Clone() const {
return new Comgraphics(*(this));
}
CShape& Comgraphics::Move(int nOffsetX, int nOffsetY) {
m_ptLT.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_ptBR.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_pt1.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
m_pt2.Move(nOffsetX, nOffsetY);
return *this;
}
运行截图:可以实现画矩形,三角形,组合图行,选中图形,移动、复制、粘贴功能。
四、总结
1、继承访问权限
- B以private方式继承A,用{using A::_a; }把A中的部分public成员提升为public
- 如果想让这些继承而来的数据成员作为public或者protected成员,可以用using重新声明。using声明语句中名字的访问权限由该using声明语句之前的访问说明符决定
2、友元类
- 当类Y被说明为类X的友元时,类Y的所有成员函数都成为类X的友元函数,这就意味着作为友元类Y中的所有成员函数都可以访问类X中的所有成员(包括私有成员)。
- 友元关系是单向的,不具有交换性。友元关系也不具有传递性。友元关系不能被继承,基类的友元类未必是子类的友元,某类型的友元的子类未必是该类型的友元。
3、多态
- 多态按字面的意思就是多种形态。当类之间存在层次结构,并且类之间是通过继承关联时,就会用到多态。
- C++ 多态意味着调用成员函数时,会根据调用函数的对象的类型来执行不同的函数。
- 虚函数是在基类中使用关键字 virtual 声明的函数。在派生类中重新定义基类中定义的虚函数时,会告诉编译器不要静态链接到该函数。