记 f ∗ g f*g f∗g为 f f f和 g g g的狄利克雷卷积1,那么又如下性质:
性质 1 1 1 交换律: f ∗ g = g ∗ f f*g=g*f f∗g=g∗f。
解释 由于 f f f和 g g g轮换对称。
性质 2 2 2 结合律: ( f ∗ g ) ∗ h = f ∗ ( g ∗ h ) (f*g)*h=f*(g*h) (f∗g)∗h=f∗(g∗h)。
解释
[ ( f ∗ g ) ∗ h ] ( n ) = ∑ i ∣ n ( f ∗ g ) ( i ) h ( n i ) = ∑ i ∣ n [ h ( n i ) ∑ d ∣ i f ( d ) g ( i d ) ] = ∑ i j k = n h ( i ) f ( j ) g ( k ) = ∑ i ∣ n [ f ( n i ) ∑ d ∣ i g ( d ) h ( i d ) ] = ∑ i ∣ n f ( n i ) ( g ∗ h ) ( i ) = [ f ∗ ( g ∗ h ) ] ( n ) [(f*g)*h](n)=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}(f*g)(i)h(\frac{n}{i})=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}\left[h(\frac{n}{i})\sum\limits_{d\mid i}f(d)g(\frac{i}{d})\right]=\sum\limits_{ijk=n}h(i)f(j)g(k)=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}\left[f(\frac{n}{i})\sum\limits_{d\mid i}g(d)h(\frac{i}{d})\right]=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(\frac{n}{i})(g*h)(i)=[f*(g*h)](n) [(f∗g)∗h](n)=i∣n∑(f∗g)(i)h(in)=i∣n∑ h(in)d∣i∑f(d)g(di) =ijk=n∑h(i)f(j)g(k)=i∣n∑ f(in)d∣i∑g(d)h(di) =i∣n∑f(in)(g∗h)(i)=[f∗(g∗h)](n)
性质 3 3 3 分配律: f ∗ ( g + h ) = f ∗ g + f ∗ h f*(g+h)=f*g+f*h f∗(g+h)=f∗g+f∗h。
解释
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[f*(g+h)](n)=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)(g+h)(\frac{n}{i})=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)[g(\frac{n}{i})+h(\frac{n}{i})]=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)g(\frac{n}{i})+f(i)h(\frac{n}{i})=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)g(\frac{n}{i})+\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)h(\frac{n}{i})=(f*g)(n)+(f*h)(n)
[f∗(g+h)](n)=i∣n∑f(i)(g+h)(in)=i∣n∑f(i)[g(in)+h(in)]=i∣n∑f(i)g(in)+f(i)h(in)=i∣n∑f(i)g(in)+i∣n∑f(i)h(in)=(f∗g)(n)+(f∗h)(n)
性质 4 4 4 两个积性函数的狄利克雷卷积仍然是积性函数。
解释 对于任意互质的
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(f*g)(m)\cdot(f*g)(n)=\sum\limits_{i\mid m}f(i)g(\frac{m}{i})\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)g(\frac{n}{i})=\sum\limits_{i\mid m}\sum\limits_{j\mid n}f(i)g(\frac{m}{i})f(j)g(\frac{n}{j})=\sum\limits_{i\mid m}\sum\limits_{j\mid n}f(ij)g(\frac{mn}{ij})=\sum\limits_{k\mid mn}f(k)g(\frac{mn}{k})=(f*g)(mn)
(f∗g)(m)⋅(f∗g)(n)=i∣m∑f(i)g(im)i∣n∑f(i)g(in)=i∣m∑j∣n∑f(i)g(im)f(j)g(jn)=i∣m∑j∣n∑f(ij)g(ijmn)=k∣mn∑f(k)g(kmn)=(f∗g)(mn)
( f ∗ g ) ( n ) = ∑ i ∣ n f ( i ) g ( n i ) (f*g)(n)=\sum\limits_{i\mid n}f(i)g(\frac{n}{i}) (f∗g)(n)=i∣n∑f(i)g(in) ↩︎