【力扣hot100】刷题笔记Day14

小涛44

已于 2024-08-23 16:43:23 修改

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分类专栏：力扣hot100刷题笔记文章标签： leetcode 笔记算法职场和发展数据结构 python

于 2024-02-26 17:43:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_56077562/article/details/136293058

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前言

又是新的一周，快乐的周一，快乐地刷题，今天把链表搞完再干活！

114. 二叉树展开为链表 - 力扣（LeetCode）

前序递归：时间O(n)，空间O(n)

class Solution:
    def flatten(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> None:
        if not root:
            return
        self.flatten(root.left)  # 展平左边
        self.flatten(root.right) # 展平右边
        right = root.right       # 保存右子树
        root.left, root.right = None, root.left  # 左边断开，接到右边
        node = root
        while node.right:
            node = node.right  # 走到尾
        node.right = right     # 接回右子树

前序遍历：时间O(n)，空间O(n)

class Solution:
    def flatten(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> None:
        if not root:
            return
        st = [root]
        pre = None
        while st:
            cur = st.pop()
            # 把当前遍历结点接到上一个遍历结点上
            if pre:
                pre.left = None
                pre.right = cur  
            if cur.right:
                st.append(cur.right)
            if cur.left:
                st.append(cur.left)
            pre = cur
        return root

前驱结点：时间O(n)，空间O(1)

class Solution:
    def flatten(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> None:
        cur = root
        while cur:
            pre = cur
            if cur.left:
                cur = cur.left
                while cur.right:
                    cur = cur.right  # cur指向pre左子树的最右（前驱）
                cur.right = pre.right  # pre右子树接在前驱上
                pre.right = pre.left  # pre左子树移到右子树
                pre.left = None  # pre左指针置为None
            cur = pre.right  # cur继续往右
        return root

105. 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树 - 力扣（LeetCode）

递归：复制数组O(n2)

class Solution:
    def buildTree(self, preorder: List[int], inorder: List[int]) -> Optional[TreeNode]:
        if not preorder:
            return None
        
        root = TreeNode(preorder[0])  # 构造根节点
        idx = inorder.index(preorder[0])  # 找到根节点在中序中的idx，O(n)
        root.left = self.buildTree(preorder[1: idx+1], inorder[0: idx])  # 递归构造左子树
        root.right = self.buildTree(preorder[idx+1:], inorder[idx+1:])   # 递归构造右子树

        return root

递归：数组下标+哈希O(n)

class Solution:
    def buildTree(self, preorder: List[int], inorder: List[int]) -> TreeNode:
        def dfs(i, l, r):
            if r - l < 0:
                return None  # 子树区间为空时终止
            root = TreeNode(preorder[i])  # 初始化根节点
            m = inorder_map[preorder[i]]  # 查询 m ，从而划分左右子树
            root.left = dfs(i + 1, l, m - 1)  # 子问题：构建左子树
            root.right = dfs(i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)  # 子问题：构建右子树
            return root      # 回溯返回根节点

        # 初始化哈希表，存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射
        inorder_map = {val: i for i, val in enumerate(inorder)}
        root = dfs(0, 0, len(inorder) - 1)
        return root

迭代

比较难理解和模拟，可以只记上面的递归方法即可，参考官解

class Solution:
    def buildTree(self, preorder: List[int], inorder: List[int]) -> TreeNode:
        if not preorder:
            return None

        root = TreeNode(preorder[0])
        stack = [root]
        inorderIndex = 0
        for i in range(1, len(preorder)):
            preorderVal = preorder[i]
            node = stack[-1]
            if node.val != inorder[inorderIndex]:
                node.left = TreeNode(preorderVal)
                stack.append(node.left)
            else:
                while stack and stack[-1].val == inorder[inorderIndex]:
                    node = stack.pop()
                    inorderIndex += 1
                node.right = TreeNode(preorderVal)
                stack.append(node.right)

        return root

437. 路径总和 III - 力扣（LeetCode）

双重递归

两种方法思路参考题解，后者类似【力扣hot100】刷题笔记Day5-CSDN博客

class Solution:
    # 求包含与不包含root的所有路径中满足要求的路径数
    def pathSum(self, root: TreeNode, sum: int) -> int:
        if not root:
            return 0
        return self.dfs(root, sum) + self.pathSum(root.left, sum) + self.pathSum(root.right, sum)
    # 求包含root的所有路径中满足要求的路径数    
    def dfs(self, root, path):
        if not root:
            return 0
        path -= root.val
        return (1 if path==0 else 0) + self.dfs(root.left, path) + self.dfs(root.right, path)

前缀和 + 哈希

class Solution:
    def pathSum(self, root: Optional[TreeNode], targetSum: int) -> int:
        prefixSumTree = {0:1}  # 前缀和：个数
        self.count = 0  # 答案
        prefixSum = 0  # 记录当前前缀和
        self.dfs(root, sum, prefixSum, prefixSumTree)
        return self.count
        
    def dfs(self, root, targetSum, prefixSum, prefixSumTree):
        if not root:
            return 0
        prefixSum += root.val
        oldSum = prefixSum - targetSum  # 之前可能存在的等于目标和的路径和=当前前缀和-目标和
        if oldSum in prefixSumTree:
            self.count += prefixSumTree[oldSum]  # 存在的话结果加上路径数
        prefixSumTree[prefixSum] = prefixSumTree.get(prefixSum, 0) + 1  
        # 如果不用collections.defaultdict，键不存在就返回默认值0，再+1
        
        self.dfs(root.left, targetSum, prefixSum, prefixSumTree)
        self.dfs(root.right, targetSum, prefixSum, prefixSumTree)
        
        '''一定要注意在递归回到上一层的时候要把当前层的prefixSum的个数-1，类似回溯，要把条件重置'''
        prefixSumTree[prefixSum] -= 1

236. 二叉树的最近公共祖先 - 力扣（LeetCode）

递归后序

class Solution:
    def lowestCommonAncestor(self, root: 'TreeNode', p: 'TreeNode', q: 'TreeNode') -> 'TreeNode':
        if not root or root == p or root == q:
            return root
        left = self.lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q)
        right = self.lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q)
        if left and right: return root  # 找到祖先了
        if not left: return right   # 一边没有就返回另一边
        if not right: return left

124. 二叉树中的最大路径和 - 力扣（LeetCode）

递归后序

class Solution:
    def maxPathSum(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
        self.maxSum = -float('inf')  # 以防路径是负值
        # 递归计算左右子节点的最大贡献值
        def maxGain(node):
            if not node:
                return 0
            leftGain = maxGain(node.left)    # 左贡献
            rightGain = maxGain(node.right)  # 右贡献
            newPath = leftGain + rightGain + node.val  # 最大路径 = 左右贡献值+当前值
            self.maxSum = max(self.maxSum, newPath)  # 更新答案
            return max(max(leftGain, rightGain) + node.val, 0)  # 返回贡献值，为负数就不贡献了
        maxGain(root)
        return self.maxSum