2021-09-03

矩阵删除 插入 尾部添加等操作

import numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]

p1=np.delete(matrix,1,0)

print('>>>>p1>>>>\n',p1)

>>>>p1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]
 
把矩阵大于或小于N的元素置M的技巧
```python

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x

	array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

python
y1 = np.maximum(0,x)
y1

random.rand和random.rand和random.randint区别

import numpy as np
n = np.random.rand(3,4)
n

array([[0.5003975 , 0.8162121 , 0.45193264, 0.82332347],
       [0.09752794, 0.42988813, 0.03935796, 0.8775246 ],
       [0.85181714, 0.52776459, 0.14274664, 0.95744951]])

import numpy as np
x = np.random.randn(2,3)
x




python广播机制
```python
import numpy as np

a=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])

a=np.array([[1,2,3,6],[4,5,6,6]])

a1=a.reshape((1,2,4))

a1

numpy中的矩阵copy问题
```python
import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x1 = x.copy() 
x1[x1 > 0] = 0
x1

numpy取整

import numpy as np

a=np.array([0.125,0.568,5.688])

np.round(a)

array([0., 1., 6.])

numpy基本加减和取行操作

```python
import numpy as np

A = np.arange(1, 13).reshape(6, 2)


B = np.vsplit(A, 3)

C = A.T

D = np.hsplit(C, 3)
print(A, B, C, D)

[[ 1  2]
 [ 3  4]
 [ 5  6]
 [ 7  8]
 [ 9 10]
 [11 12]] [array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]]), array([[5, 6],
       [7, 8]]), array([[ 9, 10],
       [11, 12]])] [[ 1  3  5  7  9 11]
 [ 2  4  6  8 10 12]] [array([[1, 3],
       [2, 4]]), array([[5, 7],
       [6, 8]]), array([[ 9, 11],
       [10, 12]])]

np.zeros_like()构造全零矩阵，无需指定大小
```python

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
np.zeros_like(x)

    array([[0, 0, 0],
           [0, 0, 0]])




```python

np.random.choice(a, size, replace, p)；np.argmax(a, axis=None, out=None)

``````python
import numpy as np
a1 = np.random.choice(7,5) # 从0~7中随机选择5个数组成一维数组
a1

array([2, 0, 5, 0, 6])

a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5) # 从给定list中随机选择5个数组成一维数组
a2

array([0, 6, 1, 6, 6])

a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5) # 将list换成array数组依然可以运行，效果一致
a3

array([0, 5, 4, 2, 1])

a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False) # 上述均有重复，将replace设置为False，即可按要求没有重复的选取
a4

array([3, 0, 5, 4, 1])

a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])
a5

array([6, 3, 3, 4, 3])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])
a

array([[1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2],
       [0, 3, 6]])

b1 = np.argmax(a) # 将数组a拉平，最大值索引为9(初始索引为0)
b1
8

8

b2 = np.argmax(a, axis=0) # 按列选取最大值的索引
b2

array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)

b3 = np.argmax(a, axis=1) # 按行选取最大值的索引
b3

array([0, 0, 2], dtype=int64)