cobbler
1. cobbler简介
Cobbler
是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP
,DNS
等。
Cobbler
可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler
是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler
内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
Cobbler
官网
cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持
- DHCP服务管理
- DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
- 电源管理
- Kickstart服务支持
- YUM仓库管理
- TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
- Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler
配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
配置文件 | 作用 |
---|---|
/etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
cobbler数据目录
目录 | 作用 |
---|---|
/var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
/var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
cobbler日志文件
日志文件路径 | 说明 |
---|---|
/var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
cobbler
命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
2.cobbler部署
#关闭防火墙与SElinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
记得要重启哦
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
#配置国内的yum源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
下载epel源
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3
下载cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon
#设置服务开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
$1$19585$8ZDXhavafe1yLg.FTDQcT1
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
server: 192.168.132.100 #修改server的ip地址为本机ip
next_server: 192.168.132.100 #设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
default_password_crypted: "$1$19585$8ZDXhavafe1yLg.FTDQcT1"
manage_dhcp: true #开启dhcp管理
#通过syslinux*包生成引导文件,我们将引导文件复制到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/目录下
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
#重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
#通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
这三个错误
第一个,我们/var/lib/cobbler/loaders下面有pxelinux.0 和menu.c32俩个引导文件,不需要关心
第二个和第三个错误,是debian系统需要注意的,这里也没有关系
#配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.132.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.132.2; #网关
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114; #DNS
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子网掩码
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.132.100 192.168.132.120; #地址池
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
#同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
.....................
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
导入镜像(切记勿tab)
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=centos8 arch=x86_64
…………
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name centos8-x86_64
Name : centos8-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos8-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
创建kickstarts自动安装脚本(文件以.ks结尾,勿tab)
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name centos8-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lx.ks
修改脚本
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/lx.ks
........................
firewall --disable #关闭防火墙
........................
%packages
@^minimal-environment #在%packages与%end中间添加此行 最小化安装
%end
如果是生产环境中完成上述操作,然后同步cobbler和重启服务就完成了。
但是在虚拟机的环境中还需要做些操作,如下:
[root@localhost loaders]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py migrate-settings.sh mkgrub.sh settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
执行一遍脚本
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage:错误: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': 没有那个文件或目录.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage:错误: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': 没有那个文件或目录.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage:错误: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': 没有那个文件或目录.
+ set +x
+ ln -s /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ldlinux.c32
+ set +x
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ll
总用量 72
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 79 9月 26 00:54 grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 9月 26 00:54 ldlinux.c32 -> /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26272 9月 26 00:20 menu.c32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42376 9月 26 00:20 pxelinux.0
看到引导文件就可以了
#同步
[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-26_005604_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Sep 26 00:56:04 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
。。。。。
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
重启服务
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd.service rsyncd dhcpd
测试
重新创建一台虚拟机不用配置镜像直接开机可以看到我们配置的镜像
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安装完成
密码是刚刚自己设置的
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web页面自动安装
再创建一个centos虚拟机
这次要指定网卡mac地址