1.又需要画个几个图, 换几个例子.
2.Dijkstra 算法需要有向图, Prim 算法需要无向图. 代码中也需要更换后者.
3/两个算法的结构相同. 不同之处是比较距离的时候, 是用累计的 (Dijkstra) 还是当前边的 (Prim). 建议先写 Dijkstra, 然后拷贝、修改变成 Prim. 到这个阶段, 应该已经具备这样的能力.
package dataStructure.graph;
import java.util.Arrays;
import matrix.IntMatrix;
/**
* Weighted graphs are called nets.加权图被称为净值
* @author goudiyuan
*/
public class Net {
/**
* The maximal distance. Do not use Integer.MAX_VALUE.
*/
public static final int MAX_DISTANCE = 10000;
/**
* The number of nodes.
*/
int numNodes;
/**
* The weight matrix. We use int to represent weight for simplicity.
*/
IntMatrix weightMatrix;
/**
*********************
* The first constructor.
*
* @param paraNumNodes
* The number of nodes in the graph.
*********************
*/
public Net(int paraNumNodes) {
numNodes = paraNumNodes;
weightMatrix = new IntMatrix(numNodes, numNodes);
for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
// For better readability, you may need to write fill() in class
// IntMatrix.
Arrays.fill(weightMatrix.getData()[i], MAX_DISTANCE);
} // Of for i
}// Of the first constructor
/**
*********************
* The second constructor.
*
* @param paraMatrix
* The data matrix.
*********************
*/
public Net(int[][] paraMatrix) {
weightMatrix = new IntMatrix(paraMatrix);
numNodes = weightMatrix.getRows();
}// Of the second constructor
/**
*********************
* Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
*********************
*/
public String toString() {
String resultString = "This is the weight matrix of the graph.\r\n" + weightMatrix;
return resultString;
}// Of toString
/**
*********************
* The Dijkstra algorithm: shortest path from the source to all nodes.
*
* @param paraSource
* The source node.
* @return The distances to all nodes.
*********************
*/
public int[] dijkstra(int paraSource) {
// Step 1. Initialize.
int[] tempDistanceArray = new int[numNodes];
for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
tempDistanceArray[i] = weightMatrix.getValue(paraSource, i);
} // Of for i
int[] tempParentArray = new int[numNodes];
Arrays.fill(tempParentArray, paraSource);
// -1 for no parent.
tempParentArray[paraSource] = -1;
// Visited nodes will not be considered further.
boolean[] tempVisitedArray = new boolean[numNodes];
tempVisitedArray[paraSource] = true;
// Step 2. Main loops.
int tempMinDistance;
int tempBestNode = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < numNodes - 1; i++) {
// Step 2.1 Find out the best next node.
tempMinDistance = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
// This node is visited.
if (tempVisitedArray[j]) {
continue;
} // Of if
if (tempMinDistance > tempDistanceArray[j]) {
tempMinDistance = tempDistanceArray[j];
tempBestNode = j;
} // Of if
} // Of for j
tempVisitedArray[tempBestNode] = true;
// Step 2.2 Prepare for the next round.
for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
// This node is visited.
if (tempVisitedArray[j]) {
continue;
} // Of if
// This node cannot be reached.
if (weightMatrix.getValue(tempBestNode, j) >= MAX_DISTANCE) {
continue;
} // Of if
if (tempDistanceArray[j] > tempDistanceArray[tempBestNode]
+ weightMatrix.getValue(tempBestNode, j)) {
// Change the distance.
tempDistanceArray[j] = tempDistanceArray[tempBestNode]
+ weightMatrix.getValue(tempBestNode, j);
// Change the parent.
tempParentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
} // Of if
} // Of for j
// For test
System.out.println("The distance to each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempDistanceArray));
System.out.println("The parent of each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempParentArray));
} // Of for i
// Step 3. Output for debug.
System.out.println("Finally");
System.out.println("The distance to each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempDistanceArray));
System.out.println("The parent of each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempParentArray));
return tempDistanceArray;
}// Of dijkstra
/**
*********************
* The minimal spanning tree.
*
* @return The total cost of the tree.
*********************
*/
public int prim() {
// Step 1. Initialize.
// Any node can be the source.
int tempSource = 0;
int[] tempDistanceArray = new int[numNodes];
for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
tempDistanceArray[i] = weightMatrix.getValue(tempSource, i);
} // Of for i
int[] tempParentArray = new int[numNodes];
Arrays.fill(tempParentArray, tempSource);
// -1 for no parent.
tempParentArray[tempSource] = -1;
// Visited nodes will not be considered further.
boolean[] tempVisitedArray = new boolean[numNodes];
tempVisitedArray[tempSource] = true;
// Step 2. Main loops.
int tempMinDistance;
int tempBestNode = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < numNodes - 1; i++) {
// Step 2.1 Find out the best next node.
tempMinDistance = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
// This node is visited.
if (tempVisitedArray[j]) {
continue;
} // Of if
if (tempMinDistance > tempDistanceArray[j]) {
tempMinDistance = tempDistanceArray[j];
tempBestNode = j;
} // Of if
} // Of for j
tempVisitedArray[tempBestNode] = true;
// Step 2.2 Prepare for the next round.
for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
// This node is visited.
if (tempVisitedArray[j]) {
continue;
} // Of if
// This node cannot be reached.
if (weightMatrix.getValue(tempBestNode, j) >= MAX_DISTANCE) {
continue;
} // Of if
// Attention: the difference from the Dijkstra algorithm.
if (tempDistanceArray[j] > weightMatrix.getValue(tempBestNode, j)) {
// Change the distance.
tempDistanceArray[j] = weightMatrix.getValue(tempBestNode, j);
// Change the parent.
tempParentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
} // Of if
} // Of for j
// For test
System.out.println(
"The selected distance for each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempDistanceArray));
System.out.println("The parent of each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempParentArray));
} // Of for i
int resultCost = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
resultCost += tempDistanceArray[i];
} // Of for i
// Step 3. Output for debug.
System.out.println("Finally");
System.out.println("The parent of each node: " + Arrays.toString(tempParentArray));
System.out.println("The total cost: " + resultCost);
return resultCost;
}// Of prim
/**
*********************
* The entrance of the program.
*
* @param args
* Not used now.
*********************
*/
public static void main(String args[]) {
Net tempNet0 = new Net(3);
System.out.println(tempNet0);
int[][] tempMatrix1 = { { 0, 9, 3, 6 }, { 5, 0, 2, 4 }, { 3, 2, 0, 1 }, { 2, 8, 7, 0 } };
Net tempNet1 = new Net(tempMatrix1);
System.out.println(tempNet1);
// Dijkstra
tempNet1.dijkstra(1);
// An undirected net is required.
int[][] tempMatrix2 = { { 0, 7, MAX_DISTANCE, 5, MAX_DISTANCE }, { 7, 0, 8, 9, 7 },
{ MAX_DISTANCE, 8, 0, MAX_DISTANCE, 5 }, { 5, 9, MAX_DISTANCE, 0, 15 },
{ MAX_DISTANCE, 7, 5, 15, 0 } };
Net tempNet2 = new Net(tempMatrix2);
tempNet2.prim();
}// Of main
}// Of class Net
This is the weight matrix of the graph.
[[10000, 10000, 10000], [10000, 10000, 10000], [10000, 10000, 10000]]
This is the weight matrix of the graph.
[[0, 9, 3, 6], [5, 0, 2, 4], [3, 2, 0, 1], [2, 8, 7, 0]]
The distance to each node: [5, 0, 2, 3]
The parent of each node: [1, -1, 1, 2]
The distance to each node: [5, 0, 2, 3]
The parent of each node: [1, -1, 1, 2]
The distance to each node: [5, 0, 2, 3]
The parent of each node: [1, -1, 1, 2]
Finally
The distance to each node: [5, 0, 2, 3]
The parent of each node: [1, -1, 1, 2]
The selected distance for each node: [0, 7, 10000, 5, 15]
The parent of each node: [-1, 0, 0, 0, 3]
The selected distance for each node: [0, 7, 8, 5, 7]
The parent of each node: [-1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
The selected distance for each node: [0, 7, 5, 5, 7]
The parent of each node: [-1, 0, 4, 0, 1]
The selected distance for each node: [0, 7, 5, 5, 7]
The parent of each node: [-1, 0, 4, 0, 1]
Finally
The parent of each node: [-1, 0, 4, 0, 1]
The total cost: 24