IIC协议读取温湿度

IIC(Inter-Integrated Circuit)协议,又称为I2C(Inter IC)协议,是一种串行通信协议,它主要用于在集成电路之间传输数据。在温湿度传感器应用中,I2C协议常用于连接微控制器(如STM32)和温湿度传感器(如DHT11、AHT20、SHT11等)之间进行数据交换。

一、如何 通过IIC协议读取温湿度

以下是基于I2C协议读取温湿度的一般步骤:

  1. 准备硬件:

    • 温湿度传感器(如DHT11、AHT20、SHT11等)
    • 微控制器(如STM32)
    • I2C通信线路(包括SDA和SCL引脚)
  2. 识别传感器地址:
    不同类型的温湿度传感器具有不同的地址。例如,DHT11和AHT20的地址为0x24,SHT11的地址为0x44。请查阅相应传感器的数据手册以获取正确地址。

  3. 初始化I2C总线:
    使用微控制器的I2C模块初始化I2C总线,包括配置相关引脚、时钟源、数据速率等。

  4. 发送命令:
    通过I2C总线向温湿度传感器发送特定的命令,以启动温湿度测量。例如,对于DHT11,需要发送一个启动测量湿度的命令;对于SHT11,需要发送一个启动测量温度和湿度的命令。

  5. 读取数据:
    在温湿度传感器完成测量后,通过I2C总线读取测量数据。对于DHT11,需要读取两个字节的数据,分别为湿度整数值和温度整数值;对于SHT11,需要读取六个字节的数据,分别为温度整数值、湿度整数值、校验和等。

  6. 解析数据:
    根据温湿度传感器的数据手册,将读取到的数据解析为实际的温度和湿度值。例如,DHT11的数据手册提供了湿度值的转换公式,可以通过解析数据得到实际的湿度值;SHT11的数据手册提供了温度和湿度的转换公式,可以根据数据计算出实际的温度和湿度值。

  7. 错误检测与处理:
    在数据传输过程中,应检测并处理可能出现的错误,如CRC校验失败、数据传输中断等。
    本次实验使用的的32cubemx和串口通信助手完成实验

二、32cubemx设置

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做完以上步骤后编写文件打开文件进入keil内改写代码

三、keil内设置和代码

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这里加入了奥松的文件,代码如下
AHT20-21_DEMO_V1_3.c

//#include "main.h" 
#include "AHT20-21_DEMO_V1_3.h" 
#include "gpio.h"
#include "i2c.h"


void Delay_N10us(uint32_t t)//????
{
  uint32_t k;

   while(t--)
  {
    for (k = 0; k < 2; k++);//110
  }
}

void SensorDelay_us(uint32_t t)//????
{
		
	for(t = t-2; t>0; t--)
	{
		Delay_N10us(1);
	}
}

void Delay_4us(void)		//????
{	
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);
}
void Delay_5us(void)		//????
{	
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);
	Delay_N10us(1);

}

void Delay_1ms(uint32_t t)		//????
{
   while(t--)
  {
    SensorDelay_us(1000);//??1ms
  }
}


//void AHT20_Clock_Init(void)		//????
//{
//	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(CC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);
//}

void SDA_Pin_Output_High(void)   //?PB7????? , ???????, PB7??I2C?SDA
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStruct;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;//????
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_7;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,& GPIO_InitStruct);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7,GPIO_PIN_SET);
}

void SDA_Pin_Output_Low(void)  //?P7?????  ???????
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStruct;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;//????
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_7;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,& GPIO_InitStruct);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

void SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING(void)  //SDA???????
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStruct;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;//??
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_7;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
	HAL_GPIO_Init( GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStruct);
}


void SCL_Pin_Output_High(void) //SCL?????,P14??I2C?SCL
{
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_SET);
}

void SCL_Pin_Output_Low(void) //SCL?????
{
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

void Init_I2C_Sensor_Port(void) //???I2C??,??????
{	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStruct;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;//????
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_7;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,& GPIO_InitStruct);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_15,GPIO_PIN_SET);

	
	GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;//????
	GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6;
	GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
	HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,& GPIO_InitStruct);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_15,GPIO_PIN_SET);
	
}
void I2C_Start(void)		 //I2C????START??
{
	SDA_Pin_Output_High();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SCL_Pin_Output_High();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SDA_Pin_Output_Low();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();
	SensorDelay_us(8);   
}


void AHT20_WR_Byte(uint8_t Byte) //?AHT20?????
{
	uint8_t Data,N,i;	
	Data=Byte;
	i = 0x80;
	for(N=0;N<8;N++)
	{
		SCL_Pin_Output_Low(); 
		Delay_4us();	
		if(i&Data)
		{
			SDA_Pin_Output_High();
		}
		else
		{
			SDA_Pin_Output_Low();
		}	
			
    SCL_Pin_Output_High();
		Delay_4us();
		Data <<= 1;
		 
	}
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();
	SensorDelay_us(8);   
	SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING();
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
}	


uint8_t AHT20_RD_Byte(void)//?AHT20??????
{
		uint8_t Byte,i,a;
	Byte = 0;
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();
	
	SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING();
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
    SCL_Pin_Output_High();
		
		Delay_5us();
		a=0;
		
		//if(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_15)) a=1;
		if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7)) a=1;
		Byte = (Byte<<1)|a;
		
		//SCL_Pin_Output_Low();
		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
		Delay_5us();
	}
  SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING();
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	return Byte;
}


uint8_t Receive_ACK(void)   //?AHT20?????ACK
{
	uint16_t CNT;
	CNT = 0;
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();	
	SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING();
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	SCL_Pin_Output_High();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	while((HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_7))  && CNT < 100) 
	CNT++;
	if(CNT == 100)
	{
		return 0;
	}
 	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	return 1;
}

void Send_ACK(void)		  //????ACK??
{
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	SDA_Pin_Output_Low();
	SensorDelay_us(8);	
	SCL_Pin_Output_High();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
}

void Send_NOT_ACK(void)	//?????ACK
{
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SDA_Pin_Output_High();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SCL_Pin_Output_High();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);		
	SCL_Pin_Output_Low();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);
    SDA_Pin_Output_Low();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
}

void Stop_I2C(void)	  //??????
{
	SDA_Pin_Output_Low();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SCL_Pin_Output_High();	
	SensorDelay_us(8);
	SDA_Pin_Output_High();
	SensorDelay_us(8);
}

uint8_t AHT20_Read_Status(void)//??AHT20??????
{

	uint8_t Byte_first;	
	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x71);
	Receive_ACK();
	Byte_first = AHT20_RD_Byte();
	Send_NOT_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();
	return Byte_first;
}

uint8_t AHT20_Read_Cal_Enable(void)  //??cal enable??????
{
	uint8_t val = 0;//ret = 0,
  val = AHT20_Read_Status();
	 if((val & 0x68)==0x08)
		 return 1;
   else  return 0;
 }

void AHT20_SendAC(void) //?AHT20??AC??
{

	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x70);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0xac);//0xAC????
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x33);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x00);
	Receive_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();

}

//CRC????:CRC8/MAXIM
//???:X8+X5+X4+1
//Poly:0011 0001  0x31
//????????? 1000 1100 0x8c
//C????:
uint8_t Calc_CRC8(uint8_t *message,uint8_t Num)
{
	uint8_t i;
	uint8_t byte;
	uint8_t crc=0xFF;
  for(byte=0; byte<Num; byte++)
  {
    crc^=(message[byte]);
    for(i=8;i>0;--i)
    {
      if(crc&0x80) crc=(crc<<1)^0x31;
      else crc=(crc<<1);
    }
  }
        return crc;
}

void AHT20_Read_CTdata(uint32_t *ct) //??CRC??,????AHT20????????
{
		volatile uint8_t  Byte_1th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_2th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_3th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_4th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_5th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_6th=0;
	 uint32_t RetuData = 0;
	uint16_t cnt = 0;
	AHT20_SendAC();//?AHT10??AC??
	Delay_1ms(80);//??80ms??	
    cnt = 0;
	while(((AHT20_Read_Status()&0x80)==0x80))//????bit[7]?0,???????,??1,?????
	{
		SensorDelay_us(1508);
		if(cnt++>=100)
		{
		 break;
		 }
	}
	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x71);
	Receive_ACK();
	Byte_1th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//???,??????0x98,??????,bit[7]?1;???0x1C,??0x0C,??0x08???????,bit[7]?0
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_2th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_3th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_4th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??/??
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_5th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_6th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_NOT_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();

	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_2th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_3th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_4th);
	RetuData =RetuData >>4;
	ct[0] = RetuData;//??
	RetuData = 0;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_4th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_5th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_6th);
	RetuData = RetuData&0xfffff;
	ct[1] =RetuData; //??

}


void AHT20_Read_CTdata_crc(uint32_t *ct) //CRC???,??AHT20????????
{
		volatile uint8_t  Byte_1th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_2th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_3th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_4th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_5th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_6th=0;
	volatile uint8_t  Byte_7th=0;
	 uint32_t RetuData = 0;
	 uint16_t cnt = 0;
	// uint8_t  CRCDATA=0;
	 uint8_t  CTDATA[6]={0};//??CRC????
	
	AHT20_SendAC();//?AHT10??AC??
	Delay_1ms(80);//??80ms??	
    cnt = 0;
	while(((AHT20_Read_Status()&0x80)==0x80))//????bit[7]?0,???????,??1,?????
	{
		SensorDelay_us(1508);
		if(cnt++>=100)
		{
		 break;
		}
	}
	
	I2C_Start();

	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x71);
	Receive_ACK();
	CTDATA[0]=Byte_1th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//???,??????0x98,??????,bit[7]?1;???0x1C,??0x0C,??0x08???????,bit[7]?0
	Send_ACK();
	CTDATA[1]=Byte_2th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	CTDATA[2]=Byte_3th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	CTDATA[3]=Byte_4th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??/??
	Send_ACK();
	CTDATA[4]=Byte_5th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	CTDATA[5]=Byte_6th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//??
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_7th = AHT20_RD_Byte();//CRC??
	Send_NOT_ACK();                           //??: ?????NAK
	Stop_I2C();
	
	if(Calc_CRC8(CTDATA,6)==Byte_7th)
	{
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_2th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_3th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_4th);
	RetuData =RetuData >>4;
	ct[0] = RetuData;//??
	RetuData = 0;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_4th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_5th)<<8;
	RetuData = (RetuData|Byte_6th);
	RetuData = RetuData&0xfffff;
	ct[1] =RetuData; //??
		
	}
	else
	{
		ct[0]=0x00;
		ct[1]=0x00;//???????,????????????
	}//CRC??
}


void AHT20_Init(void)   //???AHT20
{	
	Init_I2C_Sensor_Port();
	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x70);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0xa8);//0xA8??NOR????
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x00);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x00);
	Receive_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();

	Delay_1ms(10);//??10ms??

	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x70);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0xbe);//0xBE?????,AHT20???????0xBE,   AHT10???????0xE1
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x08);//?????bit[3]?1,?????
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x00);
	Receive_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();
	Delay_1ms(10);//??10ms??
}
void JH_Reset_REG(uint8_t addr)
{
	
	uint8_t Byte_first,Byte_second,Byte_third;
	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x70);//???0x70
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(addr);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x00);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x00);
	Receive_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();

	Delay_1ms(5);//??5ms??
	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x71);//
	Receive_ACK();
	Byte_first = AHT20_RD_Byte();
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_second = AHT20_RD_Byte();
	Send_ACK();
	Byte_third = AHT20_RD_Byte();
	Send_NOT_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();
	
  Delay_1ms(10);//??10ms??
	I2C_Start();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0x70);///
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(0xB0|addr);//?????
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(Byte_second);
	Receive_ACK();
	AHT20_WR_Byte(Byte_third);
	Receive_ACK();
	Stop_I2C();
	
	Byte_second=0x00;
	Byte_third =0x00;
}

void AHT20_Start_Init(void)
{
	JH_Reset_REG(0x1b);
	JH_Reset_REG(0x1c);
	JH_Reset_REG(0x1e);
}

AHT20-21_DEMO_V1_3.h

#ifndef _AHT20_DEMO_
#define _AHT20_DEMO_

#include "main.h"  

void Delay_N10us(uint32_t t);//????
void SensorDelay_us(uint32_t t);//????
void Delay_4us(void);		//????
void Delay_5us(void);		//????
void Delay_1ms(uint32_t t);	
void AHT20_Clock_Init(void);		//????
void SDA_Pin_Output_High(void)  ; //?PB15????? , ???????, PB15??I2C?SDA
void SDA_Pin_Output_Low(void);  //?P15?????  ???????
void SDA_Pin_IN_FLOATING(void);  //SDA???????
void SCL_Pin_Output_High(void); //SCL?????,P14??I2C?SCL
void SCL_Pin_Output_Low(void); //SCL?????
void Init_I2C_Sensor_Port(void); //???I2C??,??????
void I2C_Start(void);		 //I2C????START??
void AHT20_WR_Byte(uint8_t Byte); //?AHT20?????
uint8_t AHT20_RD_Byte(void);//?AHT20??????
uint8_t Receive_ACK(void);   //?AHT20?????ACK
void Send_ACK(void)	;	  //????ACK??
void Send_NOT_ACK(void);	//?????ACK
void Stop_I2C(void);	  //??????
uint8_t AHT20_Read_Status(void);//??AHT20??????
uint8_t AHT20_Read_Cal_Enable(void);  //??cal enable??????
void AHT20_SendAC(void); //?AHT20??AC??
uint8_t Calc_CRC8(uint8_t *message,uint8_t Num);
void AHT20_Read_CTdata(uint32_t *ct); //??CRC??,????AHT20????????
void AHT20_Read_CTdata_crc(uint32_t *ct); //CRC???,??AHT20????????
void AHT20_Init(void);   //???AHT20
void JH_Reset_REG(uint8_t addr);///?????
void AHT20_Start_Init(void);///?????????????
#endif

然后改写main.c里的代码

#include "main.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "AHT20-21_DEMO_V1_3.h" 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)//??printf
{
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);    
		while(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1,UART_FLAG_TC)!=SET){
		}		
    return ch;
}
void SystemClock_Config(void);
volatile int  c1,t1;
uint32_t CT_data[2]={0,0};
int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();
  SystemClock_Config();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_DMA_Init();
  MX_I2C1_Init();	
	AHT20_Init();//??????
  if((AHT20_Read_Status()&0x18)!=0x18)
	{
		AHT20_Start_Init(); //????????
		Delay_1ms(10);
	}


  while (1)
  {
   
		AHT20_Read_CTdata(CT_data);       //???CRC??,????AHT20????????    ??????1S???
    //AHT20_Read_CTdata_crc(CT_data);  //crc???,??AHT20???????? 
	  c1 = CT_data[0]*100*10/1024/1024;  //???????c1(???10?)
	  t1 = CT_data[1]*200*10/1024/1024-500;//???????t1(???10?)	
		printf("??:%d%s",c1/10,"%");
	  printf("??:%d%s",t1/10,"?");
	  printf("\r\n");
		HAL_Delay(3000);

  }
 
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

编译生成hex文件

四、烧录测试

在这里插入图片描述

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