将矩形框标注的.json文件转换为PASCAL_VOC的xml格式

1.创建文件夹data_annotated
此文件夹用于存放要转换的json文件和对应的图片（图片必须是jpg格式），例如：

2. 创建labels.txt文件

3.然后就是转换的代码了，创建python文件labelme2voc.py 和以上两个文件在同一个目录下

from __future__ import print_function

import argparse
import glob
import os
import os.path as osp
import sys

import imgviz
import labelme

try:
    import lxml.builder
    import lxml.etree
except ImportError:
    print("Please install lxml:\n\n    pip install lxml\n")
    sys.exit(1)


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
    )
    parser.add_argument("input_dir", default='data_annotated', help="input annotated directory")
    parser.add_argument("output_dir", default='data_dataset_voc', help="output dataset directory")
    parser.add_argument("--labels", default='labels.txt', help="labels file", required=True)
    parser.add_argument(
        "--noviz", help="no visualization", action="store_true"
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    if osp.exists(args.output_dir):
        print("Output directory already exists:", args.output_dir)
        sys.exit(1)
    os.makedirs(args.output_dir)
    os.makedirs(osp.join(args.output_dir, "JPEGImages"))
    os.makedirs(osp.join(args.output_dir, "Annotations"))
    if not args.noviz:
        os.makedirs(osp.join(args.output_dir, "AnnotationsVisualization"))
    print("Creating dataset:", args.output_dir)

    class_names = []
    class_name_to_id = {}
    for i, line in enumerate(open(args.labels).readlines()):
        class_id = i - 1  # starts with -1
        class_name = line.strip()
        class_name_to_id[class_name] = class_id
        if class_id == -1:
            assert class_name == "__ignore__"
            continue
        elif class_id == 0:
            assert class_name == "_background_"
        class_names.append(class_name)
    class_names = tuple(class_names)
    print("class_names:", class_names)
    out_class_names_file = osp.join(args.output_dir, "class_names.txt")
    with open(out_class_names_file, "w") as f:
        f.writelines("\n".join(class_names))
    print("Saved class_names:", out_class_names_file)

    for filename in glob.glob(osp.join(args.input_dir, "*.json")):
        print("Generating dataset from:", filename)

        label_file = labelme.LabelFile(filename=filename)

        base = osp.splitext(osp.basename(filename))[0]
        out_img_file = osp.join(args.output_dir, "JPEGImages", base + ".jpg")
        out_xml_file = osp.join(args.output_dir, "Annotations", base + ".xml")
        if not args.noviz:
            out_viz_file = osp.join(
                args.output_dir, "AnnotationsVisualization", base + ".jpg"
            )

        img = labelme.utils.img_data_to_arr(label_file.imageData)
        imgviz.io.imsave(out_img_file, img)

        maker = lxml.builder.ElementMaker()
        xml = maker.annotation(
            maker.folder(),
            maker.filename(base + ".jpg"),
            maker.database(),  # e.g., The VOC2007 Database
            maker.annotation(),  # e.g., Pascal VOC2007
            maker.image(),  # e.g., flickr
            maker.size(
                maker.height(str(img.shape[0])),
                maker.width(str(img.shape[1])),
                maker.depth(str(img.shape[2])),
            ),
            maker.segmented(),
        )

        bboxes = []
        labels = []
        for shape in label_file.shapes:
            if shape["shape_type"] != "rectangle":
                print(
                    "Skipping shape: label={label}, "
                    "shape_type={shape_type}".format(**shape)
                )
                continue

            class_name = shape["label"]
            class_id = class_names.index(class_name)

            (xmin, ymin), (xmax, ymax) = shape["points"]
            # swap if min is larger than max.
            xmin, xmax = sorted([xmin, xmax])
            ymin, ymax = sorted([ymin, ymax])

            bboxes.append([ymin, xmin, ymax, xmax])
            labels.append(class_id)

            xml.append(
                maker.object(
                    maker.name(shape["label"]),
                    maker.pose(),
                    maker.truncated(),
                    maker.difficult(),
                    maker.bndbox(
                        maker.xmin(str(xmin)),
                        maker.ymin(str(ymin)),
                        maker.xmax(str(xmax)),
                        maker.ymax(str(ymax)),
                    ),
                )
            )

        if not args.noviz:
            captions = [class_names[label] for label in labels]
            viz = imgviz.instances2rgb(
                image=img,
                labels=labels,
                bboxes=bboxes,
                captions=captions,
                font_size=15,
            )
            imgviz.io.imsave(out_viz_file, viz)

        with open(out_xml_file, "wb") as f:
            f.write(lxml.etree.tostring(xml, pretty_print=True))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

4. 在此目录的路径下输出cmd，然后回车，例如：
   
   接下来会打开命令行，输入命令：

python labelme2voc.py data_annotated data_dataset_voc --labels labels.txt

回车，可能会报错，大概率是因为文件读取错误，因为你的json文件的路径不对

这样的话，图片才能正确读取，但是一个文件夹有那么多json文件，手动改的话有点费时间了,所有我们需要写一个脚本，将所有的json文件的路径都修改为最后一个路径，在此附上脚本的代码：

import os
import json

def process_json_file(input_path, output_path):
    with open(input_path, 'r') as input_file:
        data = json.load(input_file)
        image_path = data.get('imagePath', '')

        # Extract the last part of the image path
        image_file = os.path.basename(image_path)

        # Update the imagePath field
        data['imagePath'] = image_file

    with open(output_path, 'w') as output_file:
        json.dump(data, output_file, indent=2)

def process_json_files(input_dir, output_dir):
    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
        os.makedirs(output_dir)

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(input_dir):
        for filename in files:
            if filename.endswith('.json'):
                input_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
                output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, filename)
                process_json_file(input_path, output_path)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    input_directory = "labels"  # 指定你的JSON文件所在的输入目录
    output_directory = "data_annotated"  # 指定保存修改后JSON文件的输出目录

    process_json_files(input_directory, output_directory)

此脚本文件只需修改两个地方，即输入json文件所在的目录和输出目录，执行过后，json文件的路径都会被修改为可以正确读取的路径，例如以上的json文件执行脚本后：

5. 至此，再次回到第四步，在命令行下(必须是命令行)运行转换的代码。之后会生成data_dataset_voc目录，目录结构为：

Annotations目录保存的是转换后的xml文件，AnnotationsVisualization目录保存的是标注的可视化图片，JPEGImages目录保存的是图片。
6. 到此，结束！！