C++STL容器篇（一）

目录

定长数组

动态数组

vector与array的嵌套

---

定长数组

• array

  #include<iostream>
  #include<array>
  #include<string>
  using namespace std;
  template<class _Ty,size_t size>
  class MyArray {
  public:	
  	_Ty* begin() {
  		return Memory + 0;
  	}
  		  _Ty* end() {
  			  return Memory + size;
  		  }
  		  	 
  		  
  	MyArray() { Memory = new _Ty[size]; }
  	_Ty& operator[](int index) { return Memory[index]; }
  	~MyArray() { delete[]Memory; }
  	class iterator {
  	public: 
  		void operator=(_Ty* pmove) { this->pmove = pmove; }
  	bool operator!=(_Ty* pmove) { return this->pmove !=pmove; }
  	
  	 iterator operator++(int) { this->pmove++; return (*this); }
  	 _Ty operator*() { return *pmove; }
  iterator(_Ty* pmove=nullptr):pmove(pmove) {}
  	protected:
  		_Ty* pmove;
  	};
  	
  protected:
  	_Ty* Memory;
  };
  void TestMyArray() {
  	
  	MyArray<int, 3>::iterator iter;
  	MyArray<int, 3>array1D;
  	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
  		array1D[i] = i;
  	for (iter = array1D.begin(); iter != array1D.end(); iter++)
  		cout << *iter << " ";
  }
  void Testarray() {
  	//存储类型int
  	//数组长度3
  	//类模板都是用的对象，而不是new对象
  array<int, 3>array1D;
  array<int, 3>* p = new array<int, 3>;
  for (int i = 0; i < array1D.size(); i++)
  	array1D[i] = i;
  }
  void testEXoperator() {
  	//使用：和数组一样的用法
     array<int, 3> num = { 1,2,3 };
      cout << num.empty() << endl;
       cout << num.size() << endl;
     num.fill(4);
   for (auto v : num)//循环输出num中的所有元素
      cout << v<<" ";
     cout << endl;
    array<int, 3> num1 = { 2,3,4 };
    num1.swap(num);//交换：长度要一样长
    for (auto v : num)
     cout << v << " ";
       cout << endl;
  }
  class Miss {
  public:
  	Miss(){}
  	Miss(string name,int age):name(name),age(age){}
  	void print() { cout << name << " " << age << endl; }
  protected:
  	string name;
  	int age;
  };
  void testMiss() {
  	array<Miss, 3> array2D;
  	array<Miss, 3>::iterator iter;
  	for (int i = 0; i < array2D.size(); i++) {
  		string name = "name";
  		array2D[i] = Miss(name + to_string(i), 16 + i);
  	}
  	for (auto v : array2D) {
  		v.print();
  	}
  	//end最后一个位置，不是最后一个元素的位置
  	(*array2D.begin()).print();
  	(*(array2D.end() - 1)).print();//(*array2D.end()).print();越界访问
  	//迭代器访问
  	//对象模仿指针， *迭代器就是取值运算
  	for (iter=array2D.begin();iter!=array2D.end(); iter++)
  		(* iter).print();
  }
  
  int main() {
  	testEXoperator();
  	 testMiss();
  	 TestMyArray();
  	return 0;
  }

动态数组

• vector

  #include<iostream>
  #include<vector>
  #include<string>
  using namespace std;
  template<class _Ty>
  void print(vector<_Ty>& temp) {
  	for (auto v : temp)
  		cout << v << "  ";
  }
  void testVec() {
  	//模板类型：存储数据类型
  	//不带长度的创建方式
  	vector<int>data;
  	//只能用成员函数插入
  	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
  		data.push_back(i) ;
  	print(data);
  	cout << endl;
  	//带长度
  	vector<string>strData(3);//当前动态数组的长度是3
  	//确定长度可以直接用数组插入
  	 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
  		string name = "name";
  		strData[i] = name + to_string(i);
  	}
  	 strData.push_back("name3");//在这个函数中做了自动扩增
  	 print(strData);
  	 cout << endl;
  	//带初始化
  	vector<float>dData = { 1.1,1.2,1.3 };//自动算出长度为3
  	print(dData);
  	cout << endl;
  }
  class Miss {
  public:
  	Miss(string name ,int age):name(name),age(age){}
  	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const Miss& miss) {
  		out << miss.name << " " << miss.age;
  		return out;
  	}
  protected:
  	string name;
  	int age;
  };
  void testMiss() {
  	vector<Miss>data;
  	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
  		string name = "name";
  		data.push_back(Miss(name + to_string(i),18+i));
  }
  	print(data);
  }
  void testEXoperator() {
  	vector<int>idata = { 0,1,2,3,4 };
  	cout << idata.size() << endl;//当前元素中的元素个素
  	cout << idata.empty() << endl;//判断是否为空，return size==0;有元素返回false
  	cout << idata.front() << endl;//访问第一个元素
  	cout << idata.back() << endl;//访问最后一个元素
  	cout << idata.at(2) << endl;//下标方式访问
  	cout << idata[2] << endl;//跟楼上效果一样
  	//修改
  	idata.emplace(idata.begin() + 2, 100);//修改下标是2的元素的值为100
  	idata.emplace_back(999);//在最后插入999
  	print(idata);
  	//删除
  	idata.erase(idata.begin()+2);//数组只有伪删除，没有删除操作
  	print(idata);
  	//批量复制
  	int array[] = { 1,2,3 };
  	vector<int>vecData;
  	vecData.assign(array, array + 3);//不需要起始长度
  	print(vecData);
  }
  
  int main() {
  	testVec();
  	testMiss();
  	testEXoperator();
  	return 0;
  }

  vector与array的嵌套

  #include<iostream>
  #include<string>
  #include<array>
  #include<vector>
  #include<ctime>
  #include<cstdlib>
  using namespace std;
  void arrayVSarray()//定态数组嵌套定态数组
  {
  array<array<int, 3>, 4>data;
  	for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
  		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++){
  			data[i][j] = i * j;
  			cout << data[i][j]<<" ";
  }
  		cout << endl;
  	}
  }
  void vectorVSvector()//动态数组嵌套动态数组
  {
  	vector<vector<int>>data;
  	srand((unsigned int)time(nullptr));
  	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
  		vector<int>temp;
  		for (int j = 0; j < rand()% 3 + 2; j++) {
  			temp.push_back(i * j);
  		}
  		data.push_back(temp);
  	}
  	for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
  		for (int j = 0; j < data[i].size(); j++) {
  			cout << data[i][j] << " ";
  		}
  		cout << endl;
  	}
  }
  void arrayVSvector()//定态数组嵌套定态数组
  {
  	array<vector<int>, 3>data;
  	vector<int>vec[] = { {1,2,3},{2,3,5},{3,4,6} };
  	for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++)
  		data[i] = vec[i];
  	for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++){
  		for (int j = 0; j < data[i].size();j++)
  		cout << data[i][j] << " ";
     }
  	cout << endl;
  }
  void vectorVSarray()//定态数组嵌套定态数组
  {
  	vector<array<int, 3>>data;
  	array<int, 3>arr[] = { {1,2,3},{2,3,5},{5,6,7} };
  	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
  		data.push_back(arr[i]);
  	for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
  		for (int j = 0; j < data[i].size(); j++)
  			cout << data[i][j] << " ";
  	}cout << endl;
  }
  int main() {
  	vectorVSvector();
  	arrayVSvector();
  	vectorVSarray();
  	return 0;
  }