from sklearn.datasets import load_boston 提示 `load_boston` has been removed

Python版本3.9、Scikit-learn版本1.3.0

问题描述：运行from sklearn.datasets import load_boston报错

>>> from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\SoftWare\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\datasets\__init__.py", line 157, in __getattr__
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError:
`load_boston` has been removed from scikit-learn since version 1.2.

The Boston housing prices dataset has an ethical problem: as
investigated in [1], the authors of this dataset engineered a
non-invertible variable "B" assuming that racial self-segregation had a
positive impact on house prices [2]. Furthermore the goal of the
research that led to the creation of this dataset was to study the
impact of air quality but it did not give adequate demonstration of the
validity of this assumption.

The scikit-learn maintainers therefore strongly discourage the use of
this dataset unless the purpose of the code is to study and educate
about ethical issues in data science and machine learning.

In this special case, you can fetch the dataset from the original
source::

    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np

    data_url = "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/datasets/boston"
    raw_df = pd.read_csv(data_url, sep="\s+", skiprows=22, header=None)
    data = np.hstack([raw_df.values[::2, :], raw_df.values[1::2, :2]])
    target = raw_df.values[1::2, 2]

Alternative datasets include the California housing dataset and the
Ames housing dataset. You can load the datasets as follows::

    from sklearn.datasets import fetch_california_housing
    housing = fetch_california_housing()

for the California housing dataset and::

    from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml
    housing = fetch_openml(name="house_prices", as_frame=True)

for the Ames housing dataset.

[1] M Carlisle.
"Racist data destruction?"
<https://medium.com/@docintangible/racist-data-destruction-113e3eff54a8>

[2] Harrison Jr, David, and Daniel L. Rubinfeld.
"Hedonic housing prices and the demand for clean air."
Journal of environmental economics and management 5.1 (1978): 81-102.
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4974606_Hedonic_housing_prices_and_the_demand_for_clean_air>

原因是波士顿(boston)数据集已经被弃用了：

解决方案一、安装老版本的sklearn，这里要注意一下，如果要装老版本的sklearn，需要装3.9及以下的python，这点很重要，如果你不想装老版本，可以看方案二或者方案三。

我建议是装python3.9，安装命令是

pip install scikit-learn==0.24.1 numpy==1.21.1 scipy==1.9.1

很多教程只提示了sklearn的版本，依赖库也需要装老版本，不然无法使用。

安装完成后可以正常载入。

from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
boston = load_boston()
data = boston.data
target = boston.target

解决方案二、通过pandas在线导入

import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np
data_url = "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/datasets/boston"
raw_df = pd.read_csv(data_url, sep='\s+', skiprows=22, header=None)
data = np.hstack([raw_df.values[::2, :], raw_df.values[1::2, :2]])
target = raw_df.values[1::2, 2]

解决方案三、通过pandas离线导入，离线数据下载地址https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_61523551/89568159

import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np
raw_df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx')
data = np.hstack([raw_df.values[::2, :], raw_df.values[1::2, :2]])
target = raw_df.values[1::2, 2]

最后字段解释

CRIM per capita crime rate by town
ZN proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000 sq.ft.
INDUS proportion of non-retail business acres per town
CHAS Charles River dummy variable (= 1 if tract bounds river; 0 otherwise)
NOX nitric oxides concentration (parts per 10 million)
RM average number of rooms per dwelling
AGE proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940
DIS weighted distances to five Boston employment centres
RAD index of accessibility to radial highways
TAX full-value property-tax rate per $10,000
PTRATIO pupil-teacher ratio by town
B 1000(Bk - 0.63)^2 where Bk is the proportion of blacks by town
LSTAT % lower status of the population
MEDV Median value of owner-occupied homes in $1000’s