python-if语句

1. 条件测试

fa_fruit = 'Apple'
print(fa_fruit == 'apple')  # False
print(fa_fruit.lower() == 'apple')  # True
print(fa_fruit)  # Apple

1.1. 检查是否不相等

my_fruit = 'apple'
if my_fruit != 'pear':
    print("It's not pear!")  # It's not pear!
else:
    print("It's pear!")

1.2. 比较数字

age = 25
print(age == 25)  # True
print(age < 18)  # False
print(age <= 25)  # True
print(age > 30)  # False
print(age >= 15)  # True
if age != 20:
    print("This is not the correct answer!")
# This is not the correct answer!

1.3. and和or

num_1 = 18
num_2 = 20
print((num_1 >= 20) and (num_2 >= 20))  # False
num_1 = 21
print((num_1 >= 20) and (num_2 >= 20))  # True
print((num_1 >= 20) or (num_2 >= 25))  # True
print((num_1 >= 22) or (num_2 >= 22))  # False

2. 检查特定值是否包含在列表中

2.1. in与 not in用法

grades = ['A', 'B', 'C']
print('A' in grades)  # True
print('D' in grades)  # False
score = 'E'
if score not in grades:
    print("This is out of scope")
# This is out of scope

3. if语句

age = 24
if age >= 18:
    print('你已满18岁！')
    print('你成年了！')
# 你已满18岁！
# 你成年了！

3.1. if-else语句

money = 20
if money >= 30:
    print('你可以买一本书')
    print('可以买30元及以上的书')
else:
    print('你不能买30元及以上的书')
    print('你可以买30元以内的书')
# 你不能买30元及以上的书
# 你可以买30元以内的书

3.1.1 if-elif-else结构

score = 85
if score >= 90:
    grade = 'A'
elif score >= 80:
    grade = 'B'
else:
    grade = 'C'
print("You got " + grade + '.')  # You got B.

3.1.2 使用多个elif代码块

可以不使用else

score = 70
if score >= 90:
    grade = 'A'
elif score >= 80:
    grade = 'B'
elif score < 80:
    grade = 'C'
print("You got " + grade + '.')  # You got C.

3.1.3 测试多个条件

colors = ['blue', 'red']
if 'blue' in colors:
    print('you like blue!')
if 'red' in colors:
    print('you like red!')
# you like blue!
# you like red!

3.2. 习题

age = 24
if age < 2:
    print("婴儿")
elif age < 4:
    print("蹒跚学步")
elif age < 13:
    print("儿童")
elif age < 20:
    print("青少年")
elif age < 65:
    print("成年人")
elif age >= 65:
    print("老年人")
# 成年人

4. 使用if语句处理列表

4.1. 检查特殊元素

fruits = ['apple', 'pear', 'banana']
for fruit in fruits:
    if fruit == 'pear':
        print("lack pear.")
    else:
        print("enough " + fruit + '.')
# enough apple.
# lack pear.
# enough banana.

4.1.1 检查列表是否为空

lists = []
if lists:
    for list in lists:
        print(list)
else:
    print("empty!")
# empty!

4.1.2 使用多个列表

enough_fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
love_fruits = ['apple', 'peach']
for love_fruit in love_fruits:
    if love_fruit in enough_fruits:
        print("I‘ll give you " + love_fruit + '!')
    else:
        print('Sorry,' + love_fruit + ' is not enough!')
# I‘ll give you apple!
# Sorry,peach is not enough!