c++学习笔记 小白入门重载运算符，

运算符重载：对已有的运算符重新定义，赋予其扩展的功能，来适合不同的数据类型。

语法：和定义函数相同，函数名字是operator#这里的#就是被重载的运算符。

注意：

1，弄懂运算符运算对象的个数->重载函数的参数。

2，识别运算符左边的运算对象，是类的对象还是其他。

类的对象：全局函数实现（不推荐）     成员函数实现（推荐，少一个参数）

：成员函数 就是 用 this 指针 少实例化一个对象 ，例如 operator+ （a+b）

可以用this指针，在a 下使用成员函数

operator （b）

{

this -> 成员数据 + b->成员数据；

}
优点：1，不用设置友元2，少调用一个参数。

其他：只能是全局函数实现。（使用全局函数必须将全局函数设置成友元）。

如果重载运算符计算的不再是类的成员时候，这时只能用全局函数。

---

<<重载 全局函数。

#include<iostream>
#include<string >
using namespace  std;
class Person
{
	friend void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person &ob);
	private:
		int num;
		string name;
	    float score;
 	public:
 		Person();//无参构造
		 Person(int num ,string name,float score):num(num),name(name),score(score){ }
		  
};
void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person &ob)
{
	out<<ob.num<<" "<<ob.name<<" "<<ob.score;
}
int main()
{
	Person finley (100," finley",99.8f);
	cout<<finley;//operator(cout，finley)
	return 0;
}

---

>>重载运算符

#include<iostream>
#include<string >
using namespace  std;
class Person
{
	friend void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person &ob);
	friend void  operator>>(istream &in ,Person &ob );
	private:
		int num;
		string name;
	    float score;
 	public:
 		Person(){
		 }
		 Person(int num ,string name,float score):num(num),name(name),score(score){ }
		 
		  
};
void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person &ob)
{
	out<<ob.num<<" "<<ob.name<<" "<<ob.score;
}
//全局重载输入运算符
void  operator>>(istream &in ,Person &ob )
{
	cin>>ob.num>>ob.name>>ob.score;
 } 
int main()
{
 	Person finley;
	cin>>finley;
	cout<<finley;
//	Person finley (100," finley",99.8f);
//	cout<<finley;//operator(cout，finley)
	return 0;
}

 

---

+法重载符

#include<iostream>
#include<string >
using namespace  std;
class Person
{
	friend void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person ob);
	friend void  operator>>(istream &in ,Person &ob );
	friend Person    operator+( Person &ob1, Person &ob2);
	private:
		int num;
		string name;
	    float score;
 	public:
 		Person(){
		 }
		 Person(int num ,string name,float score):num(num),name(name),score(score){ }
		 
		  
};
void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person ob)
{
	out<<ob.num<<" "<<ob.name<<" "<<ob.score<<endl;
}
//全局重载输入运算符
void  operator>>(istream &in ,Person &ob )
{
	cin>>ob.num>>ob.name>>ob.score;
 } 
 Person   operator+( Person &ob1, Person &ob2)
 {
 	Person tmp;
 	tmp.num=ob1.num+ob2.num;
 	tmp.name=ob1.name+ob2.name;
 	tmp.score=ob1.score+ob2.score;
 	return tmp;
 }
int main()
{
 	Person finley,jory;
	cin>>finley;
	cin>>jory;
	cout<<finley;
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<jory;
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<finley+jory;
//	Person finley (100," finley",99.8f);
//	cout<<finley;//operator(cout，finley)
	return 0;
}

---

==重载（成员函数 引用）

	 bool operator==( Person &ob)
		 {
		 	if(num==ob.num && name==ob.name && score==ob.score )
		 	{
		 		return true;
			 }
			 else
			 return false;
		  } 

 

 重载++ —运算符：

这两个符号比较特殊，特殊在于++a，和a++功能不一样，那在重载的过程中，需要函数重载。这时需要用到站位参数。

++a-> 调用operator++（a）

a++ ->调用operator++（a，int）

--相同，语法需要。

部分代码，便于理解，成员函数实现，请勿直接复制。

前置++

 Person  operator++( int )
		  {
		  	//保存旧值
			  Person old=*this;
			  this->num++;
			  this->name=this->name+this->name;
			  this->score++;
			  return old; 
		  }
int main()
{
 	Person finley,jory;
	cin>>finley;
//	cin>>jory;
	cout<<finley;
	cout<<endl;
//	cout<<jory;
	Person lundry;
	lundry=finley++;
	cout<<lundry;
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<finley;
	/*
	if( finley==jory)
	{
		cout<<"相等";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<" 不相等";
	}*/
//	cout<<endl;
//	cout<<finley+jory;
//	Person finley (100," finley",99.8f);
//	cout<<finley;//operator(cout，finley)
	return 0;
}

 后置++

  Person  operator++( )
		  {
		  	
			  this->num++;
			  this->name=this->name+this->name;
			  this->score++;
			  return *this; 
		  }
int main()
{
 	Person finley,jory;
	cin>>finley;
//	cin>>jory;
	cout<<finley;
	cout<<endl;
//	cout<<jory;
	Person lundry;
//	lundry=finley++;
	lundry =++finley;
	cout<<lundry;
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<finley;
	/*
	if( finley==jory)
	{
		cout<<"相等";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<" 不相等";
	}*/
//	cout<<endl;
//	cout<<finley+jory;
//	Person finley (100," finley",99.8f);
//	cout<<finley;//operator(cout，finley)
	return 0;
}

 

下面是我的完整代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<string >
using namespace  std;
class Person
{
	friend void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person ob);
	friend void  operator>>(istream &in ,Person &ob );
	friend Person    operator+( Person &ob1, Person &ob2);
	private:
		int num;
		string name;
	    float score;
 	public:
 		Person(){
		 }
		 Person(int num ,string name,float score):num(num),name(name),score(score){ }
		 //成员函数相等运算；
		 bool operator==( Person &ob)
		 {
		 	if(num==ob.num && name==ob.name && score==ob.score )
		 	{
		 		return true;
			 }
			 else
			 return false;
		  } 
		  Person  operator++( int )
		  {
		  	//保存旧值
			  Person old=*this;
			  this->num++;
			  this->name=this->name+this->name;
			  this->score++;
			  return old; 
		  }
		   Person  operator++( )
		  {
		  	
			  this->num++;
			  this->name=this->name+this->name;
			  this->score++;
			  return *this; 
		  }
		 
		  
};
void  operator<<(ostream & out ,Person ob)
{
	out<<ob.num<<" "<<ob.name<<" "<<ob.score<<endl;
}
//全局重载输入运算符
void  operator>>(istream &in ,Person &ob )
{
	cin>>ob.num>>ob.name>>ob.score;
 } 
 Person   operator+( Person &ob1, Person &ob2)
 {
 	Person tmp;
 	tmp.num=ob1.num+ob2.num;
 	tmp.name=ob1.name+ob2.name;
 	tmp.score=ob1.score+ob2.score;
 	return tmp;
 }
int main()
{
 	Person finley,jory;
	cin>>finley;
//	cin>>jory;
	cout<<finley;
	cout<<endl;
//	cout<<jory;
	Person lundry;
//	lundry=finley++;
	lundry =++finley;
	cout<<lundry;
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<finley;
	/*
	if( finley==jory)
	{
		cout<<"相等";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<" 不相等";
	}*/
//	cout<<endl;
//	cout<<finley+jory;
//	Person finley (100," finley",99.8f);
//	cout<<finley;//operator(cout，finley)
	return 0;
}

 注意：尽量不要去重载两个运算符& & 和||  无法结绝他们的短路特性；

不能重载的运算符：.  ：： .*   ?:   sizeof