c++之string类的模拟实现

#pragma once
#include<assert.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
namespace my_string
{
	class string
	{
	public:
		string(const char* str = "")
		{
			_size = strlen(str);
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity+1];
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}
		char* c_str() const
		{
			return _str;
		}

		/*string(const string& s)
		{
			_size = s._size;
			_capacity = s._capacity;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
		}*/

		void Swap(string& s)
		{
			swap(_str, s._str);
			swap(_size, s._size);
			swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
		}

		string(const string& s)
			:_str(nullptr)
			,_size(0)
			,_capacity(0)
		{
			string tmp(s._str);
			Swap(tmp);
		}


		/*string& operator = (const string &s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, s._str);
				delete[]_str;
				_str = tmp;
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
				strcpy(_str, s._str);
			}
			return *this;
		}*/

		/*string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			string tmp(s._str);
			Swap(tmp);
			return *this;
		}*/

		size_t size()const
		{
			return _size;
		}

		size_t capacity()
		{
			return _capacity;
		}

		string& operator=(string s)
		{
			Swap(s);
			return *this;
		}

		char& operator[](size_t n)const
		{
			assert(n < _size);
			return _str[n];
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n > _capacity)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[n+1];
				strcpy(tmp, _str);
				delete[]_str;
				_str = tmp;
				_capacity = n;
			}
		}

		void push_back(char ch)
		{
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity);
			}
			_str[_size] = ch;
			++_size;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}

		void append(const char* str)
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size +len> _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}
			strcpy(_str + _size, str);
			_size += len;
		}

		void append(size_t n, char ch)
		{
			reserve(n + _size);
			int i = 0;
			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
			{
				push_back(ch);
			}
		}

		string& operator+=(char ch)
		{
			push_back(ch);
			return *this;
		}

		string& operator+=(const char* str)
		{
			append(str);
			return *this;
		}

		string& insert(size_t pos, char ch)
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				reserve(2 * _capacity);
			}
			size_t end = _size + 1;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
				--end;
			}
			_str[pos] = ch;
			++_size;
			return *this;
		}

		string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			reserve(len + _size);
			size_t end = _size + len;
			while (end > pos + len-1)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - len];
				--end;
			}
			strncpy(_str + pos, str, len);
			_size += len;
			return *this;
		}

		void erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			if (len >= _size - pos)
			{
				_str[pos] = '\0';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else
			{
				strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
				_size -= len;
			}
		}


		~string()
		{
			delete[]_str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_capacity = _size = 0;
		}

		/*static void test_string()
		{
			string s1("12345");
			string s2;
			string s3;
			s2 = s1;
			s1 = s1;
			cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
			s2.push_back('x');
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
			s2.append("hello");
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
			s2 += "word";
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
			s2.insert(5, '#');
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

			s2.insert(5, "bit");
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
			s2.erase(5, 3);
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
			s2.erase(5,100);
			cout << s2.c_str() << endl;

		}*/

	private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;
		static size_t npos;
	};
	size_t string:: npos = -1;

	ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
	{
		size_t i = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
		{
			out << s[i];
		}
		return out;
	}

	istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
	{
		char ch;
		ch = in.get();
		while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
		{
			s += ch;
			ch = in.get();
		}

		return in;
	}
	void test_string()
	{
		string s1;
		string s2;
		cin >> s1 >> s2;
		cout << s1 << s2 << endl;
	}
}