【北邮国院大三下】Intellectual Property Law 知识产权基础 Week2

北邮国院大三电商在读，随课程进行整理知识点。仅整理PPT和相关法条中相对重要的知识点，个人认为相对不重要的细小的知识点不列在其中。如有错误请指出。转载请注明出处，祝您学习愉快。

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谁有Copyright所有权？

默认的规则（Art.11）—— author是owner

• The author of a work is the citizen who has created the Work.

特殊一些的规则

(1) IF under supervision and responsibility of a legal entity/ other organization

受法人或其他组织监督和负责的

—— Legal entity or organization – deemed author 法律实体或组织被视为作者

(2) IF created in ‘the course of employment’ – i.e. in fulfilment of tasks assigned to employee author

如果是在“雇佣过程”中创建的，即在完成分配给员工作者的任务时创建的

—— Author owns - however, employer has exclusive rights to exploit the work for 2 years following completion of the work (A.16)

作者拥有-然而，雇主在作品完成后的2年内拥有独占使用权(A.16)

(in common law countries – employer is owner, unless contract to the contrary.）

(在普通法国家，雇主是业主，除非订立相反的合约。）

(3) forsoftware: IF in course of employment,using material and technical resources of employer

软件:如在受雇期间，使用用人单位的物质和技术资源

—— Employer owns (but author has a right to be named)

雇主拥有(但作者有权透露姓名)

(4) IF commissioned 如果是委托的

—— Ownership as contractually agreed, else author (commissioned party)

合同约定的所有权，否则作者(受托方)

(in other countries: the commissioning party) (其他国家:委托方)

(5) work created by adaptation, translation, annotation, arrangement of a pre-existing work

改编、翻译、注释、整理已有作品而创作的作品

—— Owner is person creating these works, if copyright of pre-existing work not prejudiced 所有者是创作这些作品的人，如果现有作品的版权不受损害

(6) cinematograph works 拍成电影的作品

—— Producer is owner, but other contributors have right of remuneration

制作人是所有者，其他贡献者享有报酬权

谁有Trademarks所有权？

Owner is person who registers the TM. China is a ‘first to file’ country.

所有者是注册TM的人。中国是“先备案”国家。

相关法律：

Article 3

Registered trademarks refer to trademarks that are registered with the approval of the trademark office, including trademarks for goods and services, collective trademarks and certification trademarks. The owner of a registered trademark shall enjoy the exclusive right to the use of the trademark, which shall be protected by law

注册商标是指经商标局核准注册的商标，包括商品商标和服务商标、集体商标和证明商标。注册商标的所有人享有商标专用权，受法律保护

Article 4

Any natural person, legal person or other organization that needs to obtain the exclusive right to use a trademark for its goods or services during production and business operations shall apply for trademark registration with the trademark office.

自然人、法人或者其他组织在生产经营活动中需要对其商品或者服务取得商标专用权的，应当向商标局申请商标注册。

Article 5

Two or more natural persons, legal persons, or other organizations may jointly file an application with the trademark office for the registration of one and the same trademark and jointly enjoy and exercise the exclusive right to the use of the trademark.

两个以上的自然人、法人或者其他组织可以共同向商标局申请注册同一商标，共同享有和行使商标专用权。

谁有Patent所有权？

首先要区分“inventor”和“owner”的概念

(1)Who is an inventor？

—— any person who makes creative contributions to the substantive features of an invention-creation (Rule 13 Patent Regs)

对发明创造的实质特征作出创造性贡献的任何人(专利规则13)

(2)Who is not an inventor？

—— responsible only for organisational work, or who offers facilities for making use of material and technical means, or who takes part in other auxiliary functions (Rule 13 Patent Regs)

仅负责组织工作，或为使用物质和技术手段提供便利，或参与其他辅助功能(专利规则13)

(3)Employee Inventions 雇员的发明创造

—— Employer has the right to be owner, but may be varied by contract

雇主有权成为主人，但可根据合同而有所不同

• Accomplishedin the course ofperforming the duties of an employee, or mainly by using the materialand technical conditions of an employer (A.6 Patent Law) 在雇员履行职责过程中完成的，或者主要是利用雇主的物质技术条件完成的(专利法A.6)
  • **Rule 12 (Original Rule 11) **“A service invention-creation made by a person in the execution of tasks of the entity to which he belongs” referred to in Article 6 of the Patent Law means any invention-creation made: 专利法第六条所称职务发明创造，是指为执行本单位任务所进行的职务发明创造:
    • (1) in the course of performing his own duty; 执行职务时;
    • (2) in execution of any task, other than his own duty, which was entrusted to him by the entity to which he belongs; 执行所属单位交托给他的职务以外的其他任务;
    • (3) within one year after the retirement, transfer from the entity to which he originally belongs or the labor and personnel relationship being terminated, where the invention-creation relates to his own duty or the other task entrusted to him by the entity to which he previously belonged. 退休后一年内，其发明创造涉及本人职务或者原单位交付的其他任务的，从原单位调离或者劳动人事关系终止。
  • “The entity to which he belongs" referred to in Article 6 of the Patent Law includes the entity in which the person concerned is a temporary staff member. “Material and technical means of the entity” referred to in Article 6 of the Patent Law mean the entity’s money, equipment, spare parts, raw materials or technical materials which are not disclosed to the public. 专利法第六条所称其所在单位，包括临时工作人员所在单位。专利法第六条所称本单位的物质技术手段，是指本单位未向社会公开的资金、设备、零部件、原材料或者技术资料。

(4) Non-employee inventions——Inventor is owner

(5) 2 or more ‘Units’ (collaborating or ‘entrusted’)

—— Jointly by collaborators or By unit entrusted to invent 合作者共同发明或委托单位发明

(6) Rights of Inventor

—— To be named as an inventor

—— To receive ‘reasonable remuneration’ – according to the ‘scope of the application’ and the ‘economic result’. 根据“适用范围”和“经济成果”获得“合理报酬”。

Acquiring IP Rights 获取知识产权

Copyrights

No examination. Work acquires copyright protection on creation, if criterial for originality, tangibility and de minimis met

没有考试。如果作品符合原创性、可触性和最低限度的标准，则作品在创作时获得版权保护

Trademarks

Application examined by TMO in each country of application.

在每个申请国家由TMO审查的申请。

• Conditions for registrability 登记条件
• Guidelines provided by TMO in each country TMO在每个国家提供的指南

Opposition proceedings are also held 也举行反对诉讼

TM —— Conditions for registability

四个条件

1. Designate goods or services for which application made 指定申请的商品或服务
2. Must function as a TM 必须充当TM
3. Must not conflict with prior rights or with registered TM 不得与在先权利或注册TM相冲突
4. Must not cause customer confusion as to source of the good 不能造成客户对货物来源的混淆

(1) Designate goods or services for which application made

指定申请的商品或服务

• Art.22 TM Law and Chapter II of the TM Regulations.

Article 22

A trademark registration applicant shall make an application and, according to the prescribed categories of goods, indicate in the application the types and the names of goods for which the trademark is to be used.

A trademark registration applicant may apply for registration of the same trademark for multiple types of goods in one application.

A trademark registration application and other relevant documents may be submitted in writing or by way of data message.

商标注册申请人应当提出申请，并按照规定的商品类别，在申请书中注明使用该商标的商品种类和品名。

商标注册申请人可以在一件申请中就多种商品申请同一商标注册。

商标注册申请和其他有关文件，可以书面提交，也可以数据电文提交。

(2) Must function as a TM

• Distinctive mark, not descriptive (unless acquires distinctiveness) 显著性标记，非描述性(除非获得显著性)
• A 8 to 12 of the TM Law

Article 8

Any signs, including words, graphs, letters, numbers, three-dimensional symbols, color combinations, sound or any combination thereof, that are capable of distinguishing the goods of a natural person, legal person or other organization from those of others may be applied for registration as trademarks.

任何能够将自然人、法人或者其他组织的商品与他人的商品区别开来的标志，包括文字、图形、字母、数字、立体符号、颜色组合、声音或者其组合，都可以作为商标申请注册。

Article 9

A trademark submitted for registration shall bear noticeable characteristics and be readily distinguishable, and it may not conflict with the legitimate rights obtained by others earlier.

A trademark registrant shall have the right to indicate the wording “Registered Trademark” or the sign showing that the trademark is registered.

申请注册的商标应当具有显著特征，易于识别，不得与他人在先取得的合法权利相冲突。

商标注册人有权标明“注册商标”字样或者商标注册标志。

Article 10

None of the following signs may be used as trademarks:

(1) Those identical with or similar to the State name, the national flag, emblem or anthem, the military flag, emblem or songs, or medals of the People’s Republic of China; or those identical with the names or emblems of Central State organs, the names of the specific locations where the Central State organs are seated; or those identical with the names or designs of landmark buildings;

(2) Those identical with or similar to the State name, national flag, national emblem or military flag etc., of a foreign country, except with the consent of the government of that country;

(3) Those identical with or similar to the name, flag or emblem of an international inter-governmental organization, except with the consent of that organization or except where it is unlikely to mislead the public;

(4) Those identical with or similar to an official mark or inspection stamp that indicates control and guarantee, except where authorized;

(5) Those identical with or similar to the symbol or name of the Red Cross or the Red Crescent;

(6) Those having the nature of discrimination against any nationality;

(7) Those that are deceptive and likely to mislead the public in terms of the quality, place of production or other characteristics of the goods; and

(8)Those detrimental to socialist ethics or customs, or having other unwholesome influences.

No geographical names of administrative divisions at or above the county level or foreign geographical names known to the public may be used as trademarks, except where geographical names have other meanings or constitute part of a collective trademark or certification trademark. Registered trademarks in which geographical names are sued shall remain valid.

下列标志不得作为商标使用:

(一)与中华人民共和国的国家名称、国旗、国徽、国歌、军旗、国徽、歌曲、勋章相同或者近似的;或者与中央国家机关名称、标志、中央国家机关具体所在地名称相同的;与地标性建筑名称或者设计相同的;

(二)与外国的国家名称、国旗、国徽、军旗等相同或者近似的，但经该国政府同意的除外;

(三)与政府间国际组织的名称、旗帜、徽记相同或者近似的，但经该组织同意或者不太可能误导公众的除外;

(四)与标明控制、保证的官方标志、检验印章相同或者近似的，经授权的除外;

(五)与“红十字”、“红新月”标志、名称相同或者近似的;

(六)具有民族歧视性质的;

(七)在商品的质量、生产地点或者其他特征上具有欺骗性或者可能误导公众的;和

(八)有害社会主义道德风尚或者有其他不良影响的。

县级以上行政区划的地名或者为公众所知的外国地名，不得作为商标使用，但地名另有含义或者属于集体商标、证明商标的除外。提起地名诉讼的注册商标继续有效。

Article 11

None of the following marks may be registered as trademarks:

(1) Where the mark bears only the generic name, design, or model number of the goods concerned;

(2) Where it only directly indicates the quality, principal raw materials, function, use, weight, quantity or other features of the goods; and

(3) Signs that otherwise lack any distinctive character.

Any mark mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be registered as a trademark if it has acquired distinctive features through use and is readily distinguishable.

下列标志不得作为商标注册:

(一)仅标明商品的通用名称、设计或者型号的;

(二)仅直接标明货物的质量、主要原料、功能、用途、重量、数量或者其他特征的;和

(三)其他方面缺乏显著特征的标志。

前款规定的商标，经使用取得显著特征，易于识别的，可以注册为商标。

Article 12

No application for registration of a three-dimensional symbol as a trademark may be granted, where the sign merely indicates the shape inherent in the nature of the goods concerned, or it is only dictated by the need to achieve technical effects or the need to give the goods substantive value.

三维符号作为商标的注册申请，不得准予注册。三维符号仅仅表明有关商品的性质所固有的形状，或者仅仅是为了达到技术效果或者赋予商品实质价值的需要而要求注册的。

(3) Must not conflict with prior rights or with registered TM

不得与在先权利或注册TM相冲突

Article 30

Where a trademark, for the registration of which an application is made, that does not conform to the relevant provisions of this Law or that is identical with or similar to the trademark already registered by another person or is given preliminary examination and approval for use on the same kind of goods or similar goods, the trademark office shall reject the application and shall not announce that trademark.

申请注册的商标，不符合本法有关规定的，或者与他人已经注册的商标相同或者近似的，或者已经初步审定在同一种商品或者类似商品上使用的，商标局应当驳回申请，不予公告。

(4) Must not cause customer confusion as to source of the goods

不能造成顾客对货物来源的混淆

Article 32

No applicant for trademark application may infringe upon another person’s existing prior rights, nor may he, by illegitimate means, rush to register a trademark that is already in use by another person and has certain influence

商标申请的申请人不得侵犯他人已有的在先权利，也不得以不正当手段抢注他人已经使用并有一定影响的商标

Patent

Application scrutinized by PTO in each country of application

专利商标局在每个国家对申请进行审查

• Conditions for patentability 可专利性条件
• Guidelines provided by PTO in each country 专利商标局在每个国家提供的指导方针

Opposition proceedings are also held 也举行反对诉讼

Conditions for Registrability (Art.22-26)

Article 22

Inventions and utility models for which patent rights are to be granted shall be ones which are novel, creative and of practical use.

Novelty means that the invention or utility model concerned is not an existing technology; no patent application is filed by any unit or individual for any identical invention or utility model with the patent administration department under the State Council before the date of application for patent right, and no identical invention or utility model is recorded in the patent application documents or the patent documentations which are published or announced after the date of application.

Creativity means that, compared with the existing technologies, the invention possesses prominent substantive features and indicates remarkable advancements, and the utility model possesses substantive features and indicates advancements.

Practical use means that the said invention or utility model can be used for production or be utilized, and may produce positive results.

For the purposes of this Law, existing technologies mean the technologies known to the public both domestically and abroad before the date of application.

授予专利权的发明和实用新型应当具有新颖性、创造性和实用性。

新颖性，是指该发明或者实用新型不是现有技术;在专利权申请日以前，任何单位或者个人没有就相同的发明或者实用新型向国务院专利行政部门提出专利申请，并且在专利申请文件或者在申请日以后公布或者公告的专利文件中没有记载相同的发明或者实用新型。

创造性，是指与现有技术相比，本发明具有突出的实质性特征和显著的进步，本实用新型具有实质性特征和进步。

实用，是指发明或者实用新型能够用于生产或者被利用，并可能产生积极效果。

本法所称现有技术，是指申请日以前为国内外公众所知的技术。

Article 23

A design for which the patent right is granted is not an existing design, and no application is filed by any unit or individual for any identical design with the patent administration department under the State Council before the date of application for patent right and no identical design is recorded in the patent documentations announced after the date of application.

Designs for which the patent right is to be granted shall be ones which are distinctly different from the existing designs or the combinations of the features of existing designs.

Designs for which a patent right is granted shall be ones which are not in conflict with the lawful rights acquired by others prior to the date of application.

For the purposes of this Law, existing designs mean designs that are known to the public both domestically and abroad before the date of application.

被授予专利权的外观设计不是现有的外观设计，在专利权申请日以前，任何单位或者个人没有就相同的外观设计向国务院专利行政部门提出申请，并且在申请日以后公布的专利文件中没有记载相同的外观设计。

授予专利权的外观设计应当与现有的外观设计或者现有外观设计特征的组合有明显区别。

授予专利权的外观设计应当与他人在申请日以前已经取得的合法权利不相冲突。

本法所称现有外观设计，是指申请日以前为国内外公众所知的外观设计。

Article 24

Within six months before the date of application, an invention for which an application is filed for a patent does not lose its novelty under any of the following circumstances:

(1) It is exhibited for the first time at an international exhibition sponsored or recognized by the Chinese Government;

(2) It is published for the first time at a specified academic or technological conference; and

(3) Its contents are divulged by others without the consent of the applicant.

申请专利的发明在申请日前六个月内，有下列情形之一的，不丧失新颖性:

(一)在中国政府主办或者承认的国际展览会上首次展出的;

(二)在指定的学术会议或者技术会议上首次发表的;和

(三)未经申请人同意，他人泄露其内容的。

Article 25

Patent rights shall not be granted for any of the following:

(1) scientific discoveries;

(2) rules and methods for intellectual activities;

(3) methods for the diagnosis or treatment of diseases;

(4) animal or plant varieties;

(5) substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation; and

(6) designs that are mainly used for marking the pattern, color or thecombination of the two of prints.

The patent right may, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, be granted for the production methods of the products specified in Subparagraph (4) of the preceding paragraph.

下列情形之一的，不授予专利权:

(一)科学发现;

(二)智力活动的规则和方法;

(三)疾病的诊断、治疗方法;

(四)动植物品种;

(五)通过核转化获得的物质;和

(六)主要用于在印刷品上标明图案、颜色或者二者结合的设计。

对前款第(四)项所列产品的生产方法，可以依照本法规定授予专利权。

Article 26

When a person intends to apply for an invention or utility model patent, he shall submit the relevant documents, such as a written request, a written description and its abstract, and a written claim.

In the written request shall be specified the name of the invention or utility model, the name of the inventor or designer, the name or title and the address of the applicant and other related matters.

The written description shall contain a clear and comprehensive description of the invention or utility model so that a technician in the field of the relevant technology can carry it out; when necessary, pictures shall be attached to it. The abstract shall contain a brief introduction to the main technical points of the invention or utility model.

The written claim shall, based on the written description, contain a clear and concise definition of the proposed scope of patent protection.

With regard to an invention-creation accomplished by relying on genetic resources, the applicant shall, in the patent application documents, indicate the direct and original source of the genetic resources. If the applicant cannot indicate the original source, he shall state the reasons.

申请发明或者实用新型专利的，应当提交请求书、说明书及其摘要、权利要求书等有关文件。

请求书应当写明发明或者实用新型的名称、发明人或者设计人的姓名、申请人的姓名或者职称、地址以及其他有关事项。

说明书应当对发明或者实用新型作清楚、全面的说明，以便本技术领域的技术人员能够实施;必要时，应附有图片。摘要应当简要介绍发明或者实用新型的主要技术要点。

权利要求书应当在说明书的基础上，对提出的专利保护范围作出明确、简明的界定。

依靠遗传资源完成的发明创造，申请人应当在专利申请文件中注明遗传资源的直接来源和原始来源。申请人不能注明原始来源的，应当说明理由。

TM的infringing use（Art.57）

Article 57

Any of the following acts shall constitute an infringement on the exclusive rights to the use of a registered trademark:

(1) Using a trademark that is identical with a registered trademark on the same kind of goods without obtaining licensing from the registrant of the registered trademark;

(2) Using a trademark that is similar to a registered trademark on the same kind of goods, or using a trademark that is identical with or similar to the registered trademark on similar goods without obtaining licensing from the registrant of the registered trademark, and is likely to cause confusion

(3) Selling goods that infringe on the exclusive right to the use of a registered trademark;

(4) Counterfeiting, or making without authorization, representations of another person’s registered trademark, or selling such representations;

(5) Altering a registered trademark without permission of its owner and selling goods bearing such an altered trademark on the market;

(6) Providing, intentionally, convenience for such acts as infringe upon others’ exclusive right of trademark use, to facilitate others to commit infringement on the exclusive right of trademark use

(7) Impairing in other manners another person’s exclusive right to the use of its registered trademark.

有下列行为之一的，构成侵犯注册商标专用权:

(一)未经注册商标注册人许可，在同一种商品上使用与注册商标相同的商标的;

(二)在同一种商品上使用与注册商标近似的商标，或者未经注册商标注册人许可，在类似商品上使用与注册商标相同或者近似的商标，容易造成混淆的

(三)销售侵犯注册商标专用权的商品的;

(四)假冒、擅自制作或者销售他人注册商标标识的;

(五)未经注册商标所有人许可，涂改注册商标，在市场上销售涂改后的商品的;

(六)故意为侵犯他人商标专用权的行为提供便利，为他人侵犯商标专用权提供便利的

(七)以其他方式损害他人注册商标专用权的。

TM:Exclusive Rights: limitation（Part of Art.59）

Article 59

The holder of the exclusive right to use a registered trademark shall have no right to prohibit others from properly using the generic name, graphics or models of a commodity contained in the registered trademark, or such information as directly indicates the quality, main raw materials, functions, purposes, weight, quantity or other features of the commodity, or the names of the geographical locations as contained therein.

注册商标专用权人无权禁止他人适当使用其注册商标中的商品通用名称、图形、模型，或者直接表明商品的质量、主要原料、功能、用途、重量、数量等特征的信息或者其中所含的地理位置名称

【后略，因为讲了这么久基本没提到three-dimensional symbol】

用PPT的话简单讲这段法律就是：

Registrations containing generic names, devices, model numbers or other descriptive elements

包含通用名称、设备、型号或其他描述性元素的注册

Not enforceable against third parties making legitimate use of such elements

对合法使用这些元素的第三方不具有强制执行力

一句话总结TM infringement

TM law preserves the functions of a registered TM by protecting exclusive right of use，but certain ‘use’ not restricted, when not in the course of trade.

M法通过保护专有使用权来保护已注册TM的功能，但在非贸易过程中不限制某些“使用”。