STM32的SPI和IIC相关知识点概述


前言

本文将对stm32的SPI和IIC进行相关概念的概述,并提供他们的配置方法。

提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考

一、SPI概述

SPI的方框图如下:

在这里插入图片描述
通常SPI通过4个引脚与外部器件相连:

  • MISO:主设备输入 / 从设备输出引脚。该引脚在从模式下发送数据,在主模式下接收数据。
  • MOSI:主设备输出 / 从设备输入引脚。该引脚在主模式下发送数据,在从模式下接收数据。
  • SCK:串口时钟,作为主设备的输出,从设备的输入
  • NSS:从设备选择。是一个可选的引脚,用来选择主/从设备。
    从设备的NSS引脚可以由主设备的一个标准I/O引脚来驱动。一旦被使能(SSOE位),NSS引脚也可以作为输出引脚,并在SPI处于主模式时拉低;此时,所有的SPIl设备,如果它们的NSS引脚连接到主设备的NSS引脚,则会检测到低电平,如果它们被设置为NSS硬件模式,就会自动进入从设备状态。当配置为主设备、NSS配置为输入引脚(MSTR=1,SSOE=0)时,如果NSS被拉低,则这个SPI设备进入主模式失败状态:即MSTR位被自动清除,此设备进入从模式

SPI配置方法

  1. GPIO端口配置:
void GPIO_Config()
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
	GPIO_AFIODeInit();

	//SPI-Clock:PA5 SPI-MISO:PA6 SPI-MOSI:PA7
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
  1. SPI外设配置:
void SPI_Config()
{
	SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);
	
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_Low;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_2Edge;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_32;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
	SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7;
	
	SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStructure);

//	SPI_I2S_ITConfig(SPI1, SPI_I2S_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
//	SPI_I2S_ClearFlag(SPI1, SPI_I2S_IT_RXNE | SPI_I2S_IT_TXE);
}

在某处使能SPI:

SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);

二、IIC配置方法

起始信号

void IIC_Start(void)
{
	SDA_OUT();
	SDA_H;   							//串行数据线高电平(空闲信号)
	CLK_H;   							//串行时钟线高电平(空闲信号)
	Delay_us(5);
	SDA_L;   							//串行数据线拉出下降沿
	Delay_us(5);
	CLK_L;   							//串行时钟线拉出下降沿
}

终止信号:

void IIC_Stop(void)
{
	SDA_OUT();					//输出模式
	CLK_L;							//串行时钟线低电平
	SDA_L;							//串行数据线低电平
	CLK_H;							//串行时钟线高电平
	Delay_us(5);
	SDA_H;							//串行数据线高电平  上升沿
	Delay_us(5);
}

三、SPI驱动OLED

1. 主函数:

int main(void)
{	
	delay_init();	    	       //延时函数初始化	  
	NVIC_Configuration(); 	   //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级,2位响应优先级 	
	OLED_Init();			         //初始化OLED  
	OLED_Clear(0);             //清屏(全黑)
	while(1) 
	{	
		TEST_MainPage();         //主界面显示测试
	}
}

2. 上下或左右滑动显示字符:

  • 水平左右滑动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2E,OLED_CMD);        //关闭滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x26,OLED_CMD);        //水平向左或者右滚动 26/27
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);        //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);        //起始页 0
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD);        //滚动时间间隔
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD);        //终止页 7
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);        //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0xFF,OLED_CMD);        //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD);        //开启滚动
  • 垂直或水平滚动:
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2e,OLED_CMD);        //关闭滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x29,OLED_CMD);        //水平垂直和水平滚动左右 29/2a
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);        //虚拟字节
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);        //起始页 0
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD);        //滚动时间间隔
OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD);        //终止页 1
OLED_WR_Byte(0x01,OLED_CMD);        //垂直滚动偏移量
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD);        //开启滚动

四、IIC驱动MPU6050

#include "main.h"


ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;

I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;

TIM_HandleTypeDef htim1;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;

UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;


void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM1_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM4_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void);

int main(void)
{
	int Pwma = 0;
	int Pwmb = 0;
	int EncoderA,EncoderB;
	int Vol = 0;
	int temp;

  HAL_Init();

  SystemClock_Config();


  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_TIM1_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  MX_ADC1_Init();
  MX_I2C1_Init();
  Moter_Start();
  Encoder_start();
  OLED_Init();
  Adc_Init();
  MPU6050_initialize();
  DMP_Init();
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
	  Read_DMP();
	  temp = Read_Temperature();
	  printf("temp: %d\r\n",temp);
	  printf("Pitch: %f\r\n",Pitch);
	  printf("Roll: %f\r\n",Roll);
	  HAL_Delay(50);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}


void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC;
  PeriphClkInit.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCPCLK2_DIV6;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}


static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 0 */

  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 1 */
  /** Common config 
  */
  hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
  hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure Regular Channel 
  */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_6;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_1CYCLE_5;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 2 */

}


static void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 1 */
  hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
  hi2c1.Init.ClockSpeed = 100000;
  hi2c1.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
  hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 2 */

}

static void MX_TIM1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 0 */

  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
  TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};
  TIM_BreakDeadTimeConfigTypeDef sBreakDeadTimeConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 1 */
  htim1.Instance = TIM1;
  htim1.Init.Prescaler = 0;
  htim1.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim1.Init.Period = 7199;
  htim1.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim1.Init.RepetitionCounter = 0;
  htim1.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim1, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim1, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
  sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
  sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  sConfigOC.OCIdleState = TIM_OCIDLESTATE_RESET;
  sConfigOC.OCNIdleState = TIM_OCNIDLESTATE_RESET;
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim1, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateRunMode = TIM_OSSR_DISABLE;
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.OffStateIDLEMode = TIM_OSSI_DISABLE;
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.LockLevel = TIM_LOCKLEVEL_OFF;
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.DeadTime = 0;
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakState = TIM_BREAK_DISABLE;
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.BreakPolarity = TIM_BREAKPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sBreakDeadTimeConfig.AutomaticOutput = TIM_AUTOMATICOUTPUT_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_ConfigBreakDeadTime(&htim1, &sBreakDeadTimeConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_Init 2 */
  HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim1);

}


static void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 0 */

  TIM_Encoder_InitTypeDef sConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 1 */
  htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = 0;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = 65535;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  sConfig.EncoderMode = TIM_ENCODERMODE_TI12;
  sConfig.IC1Polarity = TIM_ICPOLARITY_RISING;
  sConfig.IC1Selection = TIM_ICSELECTION_DIRECTTI;
  sConfig.IC1Prescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  sConfig.IC1Filter = 10;
  sConfig.IC2Polarity = TIM_ICPOLARITY_RISING;
  sConfig.IC2Selection = TIM_ICSELECTION_DIRECTTI;
  sConfig.IC2Prescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  sConfig.IC2Filter = 10;
  if (HAL_TIM_Encoder_Init(&htim2, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 2 */

}


static void MX_TIM4_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 0 */

  TIM_Encoder_InitTypeDef sConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 1 */
  htim4.Instance = TIM4;
  htim4.Init.Prescaler = 0;
  htim4.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim4.Init.Period = 65535;
  htim4.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim4.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  sConfig.EncoderMode = TIM_ENCODERMODE_TI12;
  sConfig.IC1Polarity = TIM_ICPOLARITY_RISING;
  sConfig.IC1Selection = TIM_ICSELECTION_DIRECTTI;
  sConfig.IC1Prescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  sConfig.IC1Filter = 10;
  sConfig.IC2Polarity = TIM_ICPOLARITY_RISING;
  sConfig.IC2Selection = TIM_ICSELECTION_DIRECTTI;
  sConfig.IC2Prescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  sConfig.IC2Filter = 10;
  if (HAL_TIM_Encoder_Init(&htim4, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim4, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 2 */

}


static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 128000;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, MoterB_2_Pin|MoterB_1_Pin|MoterA_1_Pin|MoterA_2_Pin 
                          |OLED_RST_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(OLED_DC_GPIO_Port, OLED_DC_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, OLED_D0_SDA_Pin|OLED_D0_SCL_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : KEY_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = KEY_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(KEY_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : MoterB_2_Pin MoterB_1_Pin MoterA_1_Pin MoterA_2_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = MoterB_2_Pin|MoterB_1_Pin|MoterA_1_Pin|MoterA_2_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : OLED_DC_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = OLED_DC_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(OLED_DC_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : OLED_RST_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = OLED_RST_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(OLED_RST_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : OLED_D0_SDA_Pin OLED_D0_SCL_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = OLED_D0_SDA_Pin|OLED_D0_SCL_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

}

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