一、Fragment概述
- Fragment是android3.0引入的新API,它代表Activity的子模板,所以可以把fragment理解为Activity片段。
- Fragment必须被“嵌入”Avtivity中使用,因此Fragment也拥有自己的生命周期,不过Fragment的生命周期受Activity所控制,也就是说Activity停止的时候,Activity中所有的Fragment都会被停止。其他状态也是一样。
二、Fragment生命周期
- 附加与分离:onAttach() + onDetach()
- 创建于销毁:onCreate() + onDestroy()
- 创建视图与销毁视图:onCreateView() + onDestroyView()
三、案例演示
1、创建安卓应用SwitchFragment
2、将三张背景图片拷贝到drawable目录
3、字符串资源文件
<resources>
<string name="app_name">切换碎片</string>
<string name="first_fragment">第一个碎片</string>
<string name="second_fragment">第二个碎片</string>
<string name="third_fragment">第三个碎片</string>
<string name="next_fragment">下一个碎片</string>
</resources>
4、主布局资源文件activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/container"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
</FrameLayout>
5、创建第一个碎片 - FirstFragment
(1)创建第一个碎片
- 基于模板创建碎片-
FirstFragment
- 修改第一个碎片的布局资源文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/img01"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".FirstFragment">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/first_fragment"
android:textColor="#ff0000"
android:layout_marginBottom="30dp"
android:textSize="30sp"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_next_fragment"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="doNextFragment"
android:text="@string/next_fragment"/>
</LinearLayout>
- 预览效果
(2)创建第二个碎片
- 基于模板创建第二个碎片 -
SecondFragment
- 修改第二个碎片的布局资源文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/img02"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
tools:context=".SecondFragment">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/second_fragment"
android:textColor="#00ff00"
android:layout_marginBottom="30dp"
android:textSize="30sp"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_next_fragment"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="doNextFragment"
android:text="@string/next_fragment"/>
</LinearLayout>
- 预览效果
(3)创建第三个碎片
- 基于模板创建第三个碎片 -
ThirdFragment
- 修改第三个碎片的布局资源文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/img03"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
tools:context=".ThirdFragment">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/third_fragment"
android:textColor="#0000ff"
android:layout_marginBottom="30dp"
android:textSize="30sp"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_next_fragment"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="doNextFragment"
android:text="@string/next_fragment"/>
</LinearLayout>
- 预览效果
6、主界面类MainActivity
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
FragmentManager fm =getSupportFragmentManager();
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.container,new FirstFragment()).commit();
}
}
7、查看效果
8、碎片界面类实现
1、第一个碎片
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {
private Button btnNextFragment;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view =inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first,container,false);
btnNextFragment = view.findViewById(R.id.btn_next_fragment);
btnNextFragment.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack("next")
.replace(R.id.container,new SecondFragment())
.commit();
}
});
return view;
}
}
2、第二个碎片
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class SecondFragment extends Fragment {
private Button btnNextFragment;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_second,container,false);
btnNextFragment = view.findViewById(R.id.btn_next_fragment);
btnNextFragment.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack("next")
.replace(R.id.container,new ThirdFragment())
.commit();
}
});
return view;
}
}
3、第三个碎片
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class ThirdFragment extends Fragment {
private Button btnNextFragment;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_third,container,false);
btnNextFragment = view.findViewById(R.id.btn_next_fragment);
btnNextFragment.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().addToBackStack("next")
.replace(R.id.container,new FirstFragment())
.commit();
}
});
return view;
}
}
9、运行效果
10、优化代码存在的不足
- 每次切换碎片时,都是利用new来创建新的碎片,这样在不断切换碎片的过程中,就导致资源的浪费
(1)创建碎片列表类
- 碎片列表类 - FragmentList - 用于保存程序要用到的碎片对象
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class FragmentList {
public static List<Fragment> fragments = new ArrayList<>();
}
(2)修改主界面类
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
FragmentManager fm =getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentList.fragments.add(new FirstFragment());
FragmentList.fragments.add(new SecondFragment());
FragmentList.fragments.add(new ThirdFragment());
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.container,FragmentList.fragments.get(0)).commit();
}
}
(3)修改第一个碎片界面类
- 将
new SecondFragment()
改成FragmentList.fragments.get(1)
(4)修改第二个碎片界面类
- 将
new ThirdFragment()
改成FragmentList.fragments.get(2)
(5)修改第三个碎片界面类
- 将
new FirstFragment()
改成FragmentList.fragments.get(0)
11、查看效果
12、修改主界面类,实现手势切换碎片
package net.ls.switchfragment;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.GestureDetector;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private GestureDetector detector;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
FragmentManager fm =getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentList.fragments.add(new FirstFragment());
FragmentList.fragments.add(new SecondFragment());
FragmentList.fragments.add(new ThirdFragment());
fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.container,FragmentList.fragments.get(0)).commit();
detector = new GestureDetector(new GestureDetector.OnGestureListener() {
@Override
public boolean onDown(MotionEvent e) {
return false;
}
@Override
public void onShowPress(MotionEvent e) {
}
@Override
public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float distanceX, float distanceY) {
return false;
}
@Override
public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) {
}
@Override
public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY) {
if (e1.getX() - e2.getX() > 10) {
int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
int index = ++count % 3;
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.addToBackStack("" + index)
.replace(R.id.container, FragmentList.fragments.get(index))
.commit();
}
return true;
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
return detector.onTouchEvent(event);
}
}
13、启动应用,查看效果