IP address

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-27 16:16:38 发布

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分类专栏： Reference 文章标签： tcp/ip 网络服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_66485519/article/details/128689687

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IP地址是互联网上通信设备的数字标签，分为IPv4和IPv6两种版本。IPv4地址由32位组成，由于资源耗尽，导致IPv6（128位）的出现。IP地址管理由IANA和区域互联网注册机构负责，分配方式有静态和动态。此外，文章还提及了子网划分、私有地址、路由和地址冲突等概念。

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An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.[1][2] An IP address serves two main functions: network interface identification and location addressing.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number.[2] However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was standardized in 1998.[3][4][5] IPv6 deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s.

IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 192.0.2.1 in IPv4, and 2001:db8:0🔢0:567:8:1 in IPv6. The size of the routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR notation by suffixing the address with the number of significant bits, e.g., 192.0.2.1/24, which is equivalent to the historically used subnet mask 255.255.255.0.

The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and by five regional Internet registries (RIRs) responsible in their designated territories for assignment to local Internet registries, such as Internet service providers (ISPs), and other end users. IPv4 addresses were distributed by IANA to the RIRs in blocks of approximately 16.8 million addresses each, but have been exhausted at the IANA level since 2011. Only one of the RIRs still has a supply for local assignments in Africa.[6] Some IPv4 addresses are reserved for private networks and are not globally unique.

Network administrators assign an IP address to each device connected to a network. Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent) or dynamic basis, depending on network practices and software features.

Contents
1 Function
2 IP versions
3 Subnetworks
4 IPv4 addresses
4.1 Subnetting history
4.2 Private addresses
5 IPv6 addresses
5.1 Private addresses
6 IP address assignment
6.1 Sticky dynamic IP address
6.2 Address autoconfiguration
6.3 Addressing conflicts
7 Routing
7.1 Unicast addressing
7.2 Broadcast addressing
7.3 Multicast addressing
7.4 Anycast addressing
8 Geolocation
9 Public address
10 Firewalling
11 Address translation
12 Diagnostic tools
13 See also