【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→KEY→长按(持续响应)以及双击

已于 2023-06-13 15:06:25 修改
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文章标签： 蓝桥杯 stm32 单片机
于 2023-01-15 17:11:15 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_66792436/article/details/128695505
版权
文章介绍了在蓝桥杯竞赛中如何处理STM32微控制器的按键输入，包括单击、长按和双击的检测方法。通过修改中断服务程序和主函数，实现了按键状态的判断和相应操作，如显示在LCD上。代码示例展示了按键状态的管理结构和时间判断逻辑。
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文章目录

前言

在蓝桥杯中按键一直是常考题型，一般有单击和长按两种考法，我们已经将单击的写法掌握之后就要开始学习长按的写法。

KEY(long)

原理图，配置元素，配置步骤，生成工程这四步与【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→KEY→单击一致，我们只需要对上篇文章中的interrupt.c,interrupt.h,main.c文件修改即可。

1.测试代码

interrupt.h:

#ifndef __INTERRUPT_H__
#define __INTERRUPT_H__

#include "main.h"
#include "stdbool.h" //如果需要添加bool形就要加入这个头文件

struct keys
{
	unsigned char judge_sta;
	bool key_sta;
	bool single_flag;
	unsigned int key_time; //按键持续按下的时间
	bool long_flag; //长按响应标志
};


#endif

interrupt.c

#include "interrupt.h"

struct keys key[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		key[0].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
		key[1].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
		key[2].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
		key[3].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
		for(unsigned char i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		{
			switch(key[i].judge_sta)
			{
				case 0:
				{
					if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 1;
						key[i].key_time = 0; //松开之后让按键持续按下时间归零
					}
					break;
				}
				case 1:
				{
					if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 2;
					}
					else
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 0;
					}
					break;
				}
				case 2:
				{
					if(key[i].key_sta == 1)
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 0; //松开按键后让其进入case0，防止长按松开之后仍在响应
						if(key[i].key_time <= 70) //只有按下小于700ms才算一次单击
						{
							key[i].single_flag = 1;
						}
					}
					else
					{
						key[i].key_time++; //如果按下按键不松，按键时间开始增加
						if(key[i].key_time > 70) //一旦超过700ms，长按开始响应
						{
							key[i].long_flag = 1;
						}
					}
				}
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

main.c中main函数部分:

int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	LCD_Init();
	LCD_Clear(Black);
	LCD_SetBackColor(Black);
	LCD_SetTextColor(White);
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		if(key[0].single_flag) //key0短按响应
		{
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, "      key0down      ");
			key[0].single_flag = 0;
		}
		if(key[0].long_flag) //key0长按响应(一直响应)
		{
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, "      key0long      ");
			key[0].long_flag = 0;			
		}
		if(key[1].single_flag) //key1短按响应
		{
			j = 0;
			char text[30];
			sprintf(text, "      key1down%d     ", j);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line6,(unsigned char *)text);
			key[1].single_flag = 0;		
		}
		if(key[1].long_flag) //key1长按响应(一直响应)
		{
			j++;
			char text[30];
			sprintf(text, "      key1long%d", j);
			LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line6,(unsigned char *)text);
			key[1].long_flag = 0;			
		}
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

2.测试效果

在这里插入图片描述

KEY(double)

由于蓝桥杯至今没有考过双击，所以这里只把代码放到这里，下面的代码是将单，双，长合在一起的，如果要原始工程可以私信给我。
interrupt.h:

#ifndef __INTERRUPT_H_
#define __INTERRUPT_H_

#include "main.h"
#include "stdbool.h"

struct keys
{
	unsigned char judge_sta;
	bool key_sta;
	bool single_key_flag;
	bool long_flag;
	unsigned int key_time;
	bool double_click_timerEN;
	unsigned int double_click_time;
	bool double_key_flag;
	bool long_key_flag;
};

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim);

#endif

interrupt.c:

#include "interrupt.h"

struct keys key[4] = {0, 0, 0};

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
	if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
	{
		key[0].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
		key[1].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
		key[2].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
		key[3].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
		
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		{
			switch(key[i].judge_sta)
			{
				case 0:
				{
					if(key[i].key_sta == 0) 
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 1;
						key[i].key_time = 0;
					}
				}
				break;
				case 1:
				{
					if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 2;

					}
					else
					{
						key[i].judge_sta = 0;
					}
				}
				break;
				case 2:
				{
					if(key[i].key_sta == 1 && key[i].key_time < 70)
					{
						if(key[i].double_click_timerEN == 0)
						{
							key[i].double_click_timerEN = 1;
							key[i].double_click_time = 0;
						}
						else
						{
							key[i].double_key_flag = 1;
							key[i].double_click_timerEN = 0;
						}
						key[i].judge_sta = 0;
					}
					else if(key[i].key_sta == 1 && key[i].key_time >= 70) key[i].judge_sta = 0;
					else
					{
						if(key[i].key_time >= 70) key[i].long_key_flag = 1;
						key[i].key_time++;
					}
					break;
				}
			}
			if(key[i].double_click_timerEN == 1)
			{
				key[i].double_click_time++;
				if(key[i].double_click_time >= 20)
				{
					key[i].single_key_flag = 1;
					key[i].double_click_timerEN = 0;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

main.c:

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "led.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "interrupt.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
extern struct keys key[];
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */


	
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
	LED_Disp(0x00); //这里是把灯全部灭掉

  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		if(key[0].single_key_flag == 1)
		{
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_8);
			key[0].single_key_flag = 0;
		}
		if(key[0].long_key_flag == 1)
		{
			LED_Disp(0xff);
			key[0].long_key_flag = 0;
		}
		if(key[0].double_key_flag == 1)
		{
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_15);
			key[0].double_key_flag = 0;
		}
		if(key[1].single_key_flag == 1)
		{
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_9);
			key[1].single_key_flag = 0;
		}
		if(key[1].long_key_flag == 1)
		{
			LED_Disp(0x00);
			key[1].long_key_flag = 0;
		}
		if(key[1].double_key_flag == 1)
		{
			HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_14);
			key[1].double_key_flag = 0;
		}

                                                                                      
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

led.h:

#ifndef __LED_H__
#define __LED_H__

#include "main.h"

void LED_Disp(unsigned char dsLED);

#endif

led.c

#include "led.h"

void LED_Disp(unsigned char dsLED)
{
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_All, GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, dsLED << 8, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

效果就请各位自己下去试试吧，这里就不放gif了。

总结

以上就是KEY的长按以及双击的测试代码
参考的学习视频:【2023蓝桥杯 嵌入式组适用】CT117E-M4 新款开发板 3小时省赛模块 速成总结
之前的模块配置方法及测试:
【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→LED
【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→LCD
【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→KEY→单击

火花页.
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