前言
在蓝桥杯中按键一直是常考题型,一般有单击和长按两种考法,我们已经将单击的写法掌握之后就要开始学习长按的写法。
KEY(long)
原理图,配置元素,配置步骤,生成工程这四步与【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→KEY→单击一致,我们只需要对上篇文章中的interrupt.c,interrupt.h,main.c文件修改即可。
1.测试代码
interrupt.h:
#ifndef __INTERRUPT_H__
#define __INTERRUPT_H__
#include "main.h"
#include "stdbool.h" //如果需要添加bool形就要加入这个头文件
struct keys
{
unsigned char judge_sta;
bool key_sta;
bool single_flag;
unsigned int key_time; //按键持续按下的时间
bool long_flag; //长按响应标志
};
#endif
interrupt.c
#include "interrupt.h"
struct keys key[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
{
key[0].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
key[1].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
key[2].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
key[3].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
for(unsigned char i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
switch(key[i].judge_sta)
{
case 0:
{
if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
{
key[i].judge_sta = 1;
key[i].key_time = 0; //松开之后让按键持续按下时间归零
}
break;
}
case 1:
{
if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
{
key[i].judge_sta = 2;
}
else
{
key[i].judge_sta = 0;
}
break;
}
case 2:
{
if(key[i].key_sta == 1)
{
key[i].judge_sta = 0; //松开按键后让其进入case0,防止长按松开之后仍在响应
if(key[i].key_time <= 70) //只有按下小于700ms才算一次单击
{
key[i].single_flag = 1;
}
}
else
{
key[i].key_time++; //如果按下按键不松,按键时间开始增加
if(key[i].key_time > 70) //一旦超过700ms,长按开始响应
{
key[i].long_flag = 1;
}
}
}
break;
}
}
}
}
main.c中main函数部分:
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM3_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
LCD_Init();
LCD_Clear(Black);
LCD_SetBackColor(Black);
LCD_SetTextColor(White);
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
if(key[0].single_flag) //key0短按响应
{
LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, " key0down ");
key[0].single_flag = 0;
}
if(key[0].long_flag) //key0长按响应(一直响应)
{
LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, " key0long ");
key[0].long_flag = 0;
}
if(key[1].single_flag) //key1短按响应
{
j = 0;
char text[30];
sprintf(text, " key1down%d ", j);
LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line6,(unsigned char *)text);
key[1].single_flag = 0;
}
if(key[1].long_flag) //key1长按响应(一直响应)
{
j++;
char text[30];
sprintf(text, " key1long%d", j);
LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line6,(unsigned char *)text);
key[1].long_flag = 0;
}
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
2.测试效果
KEY(double)
由于蓝桥杯至今没有考过双击,所以这里只把代码放到这里,下面的代码是将单,双,长合在一起的,如果要原始工程可以私信给我。
interrupt.h:
#ifndef __INTERRUPT_H_
#define __INTERRUPT_H_
#include "main.h"
#include "stdbool.h"
struct keys
{
unsigned char judge_sta;
bool key_sta;
bool single_key_flag;
bool long_flag;
unsigned int key_time;
bool double_click_timerEN;
unsigned int double_click_time;
bool double_key_flag;
bool long_key_flag;
};
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim);
#endif
interrupt.c:
#include "interrupt.h"
struct keys key[4] = {0, 0, 0};
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
if(htim->Instance == TIM3)
{
key[0].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0);
key[1].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1);
key[2].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_2);
key[3].key_sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0);
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
switch(key[i].judge_sta)
{
case 0:
{
if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
{
key[i].judge_sta = 1;
key[i].key_time = 0;
}
}
break;
case 1:
{
if(key[i].key_sta == 0)
{
key[i].judge_sta = 2;
}
else
{
key[i].judge_sta = 0;
}
}
break;
case 2:
{
if(key[i].key_sta == 1 && key[i].key_time < 70)
{
if(key[i].double_click_timerEN == 0)
{
key[i].double_click_timerEN = 1;
key[i].double_click_time = 0;
}
else
{
key[i].double_key_flag = 1;
key[i].double_click_timerEN = 0;
}
key[i].judge_sta = 0;
}
else if(key[i].key_sta == 1 && key[i].key_time >= 70) key[i].judge_sta = 0;
else
{
if(key[i].key_time >= 70) key[i].long_key_flag = 1;
key[i].key_time++;
}
break;
}
}
if(key[i].double_click_timerEN == 1)
{
key[i].double_click_time++;
if(key[i].double_click_time >= 20)
{
key[i].single_key_flag = 1;
key[i].double_click_timerEN = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
main.c:
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.</center></h2>
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "led.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "interrupt.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
extern struct keys key[];
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_TIM3_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
LED_Disp(0x00); //这里是把灯全部灭掉
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
if(key[0].single_key_flag == 1)
{
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_8);
key[0].single_key_flag = 0;
}
if(key[0].long_key_flag == 1)
{
LED_Disp(0xff);
key[0].long_key_flag = 0;
}
if(key[0].double_key_flag == 1)
{
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_15);
key[0].double_key_flag = 0;
}
if(key[1].single_key_flag == 1)
{
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_9);
key[1].single_key_flag = 0;
}
if(key[1].long_key_flag == 1)
{
LED_Disp(0x00);
key[1].long_key_flag = 0;
}
if(key[1].double_key_flag == 1)
{
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_14);
key[1].double_key_flag = 0;
}
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
led.h:
#ifndef __LED_H__
#define __LED_H__
#include "main.h"
void LED_Disp(unsigned char dsLED);
#endif
led.c
#include "led.h"
void LED_Disp(unsigned char dsLED)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_All, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, dsLED << 8, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOD, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}
效果就请各位自己下去试试吧,这里就不放gif了。
总结
以上就是KEY的长按以及双击的测试代码
参考的学习视频:【2023蓝桥杯 嵌入式组适用】CT117E-M4 新款开发板 3小时省赛模块 速成总结
之前的模块配置方法及测试:
【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→LED
【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→LCD
【STM32G431RBTx】备战蓝桥杯嵌入式→基本模块→KEY→单击