目录
建议收藏备用
41. 彩色图像到黑白图像转换器
一个简单的 Python 脚本,它将彩色图像文件名作为参数,将其转换为灰度图像并保存输出图像文件。它展示了 Pillow 库的基本用法。
所需的库
- 枕头 (PIL)
$pip install Pillow
用法
- 转到脚本的文件夹并打开命令提示符。
- 运行命令:
$python bw_convert.py <image_file_name>
例子
$python bw_convert.py sample_image.jpg
$python bw_convert.py sample_image.png
import sys
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS
image_file = sys.argv[1]
image_name = image_file.split(".")[0]
try:
image = Image.open(image_file)
except IOError:
print("Error in loading image!!")
sys.exit(1)
bw_image = image.convert('L')
bw_image.save("bw_"+image_name+".png")
42. CricBuzz 分数更新
这个基于网络抓取的 Python 脚本使用 Beautiful soup 库抓取数据来获取最近的板球比赛得分。
如何跑
在终端中输入此命令。
python3 cricbuzz_scrap.py
它将显示最近所有比赛的比分更新。
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
quote_page = 'http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-match/live-scores'
page = urlopen(quote_page)
soup = BeautifulSoup(page,'html.parser')
update=[]
for score in soup.find_all('div',attrs={'class':'cb-col cb-col-100 cb-lv-main'}):
s=score.text.strip()
update.append(s)
print('-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*')
for i in range(len(update)):
print(i+1),
print(update[i])
print('-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*')
43.CSV 到 Excel
该程序将任何逗号分隔值文件(例如:.csv 或 .data)中的数据写入 Excel 文件。
要求
安装所需的库:
$ pip install openpyxl
之后运行:
$ python main.py
#!python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
import sys
#inputs
print("This programme writes the data in any Comma-separated value file (such as: .csv or .data) to a Excel file.")
print("The input and output files must be in the same directory of the python file for the programme to work.\n")
csv_name = input("Name of the CSV file for input (with the extension): ")
sep = input("Seperator of the CSV file: ")
excel_name = input("Name of the excel file for output (with the extension): ")
sheet_name = input("Name of the excel sheet for output: ")
#opening the files
try:
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(excel_name)
sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheet_name)
file = open(csv_name,"r",encoding = "utf-8")
except:
print("File Error!")
sys.exit()
#rows and columns
row = 1
column = 1
#for each line in the file
for line in file:
#remove the \n from the line and make it a list with the seperator
line = line[:-1]
line = line.split(sep)
#for each data in the line
for data in line:
#write the data to the cell
sheet.cell(row,column).value = data
#after each data column number increases by 1
column += 1
#to write the next line column number is set to 1 and row number is increased by 1
column = 1
row += 1
#saving the excel file and closing the csv file
wb.save(excel_name)
file.close()
44. 当前城市天气
使用 GET 请求检索您所在城市当前天气的详细信息,只需插入任何城市的名称,它将提供当前温度、当前风速和当前天气类型等详细信息。
import requests
def get_temperature(json_data):
temp_in_celcius = json_data['main']['temp']
return temp_in_celcius
def get_weather_type(json_data):
weather_type = json_data['weather'][0]['description']
return weather_type
def get_wind_speed(json_data):
wind_speed = json_data['wind']['speed']
return wind_speed
def get_weather_data(json_data, city):
description_of_weather = json_data['weather'][0]['description']
weather_type = get_weather_type(json_data)
temperature = get_temperature(json_data)
wind_speed = get_wind_speed(json_data)
weather_details = ''
return weather_details + ("The weather in {} is currently {} with a temperature of {} degrees and wind speeds reaching {} km/ph".format(city, weather_type, temperature, wind_speed))
def main():
api_address = 'https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=Sydney,au&appid=a10fd8a212e47edf8d946f26fb4cdef8&q='
city = input("City Name : ")
units_format = "&units=metric"
final_url = api_address + city + units_format
json_data = requests.get(final_url).json()
weather_details = get_weather_data(json_data, city)
# print formatted data
print(weather_details)
main()
45. 目录管理器
根据类型(常见扩展名)组织给定目录中的文件。无法识别的扩展名保留在父目录本身中,而其他扩展名则移动到相应的新目录,例如“图片”等。
python main.py [-h] 目录路径
#!/usr/bin/python3
import argparse
import os
def path():
parse = argparse.ArgumentParser(
add_help=True, description="Organize your files to different directories according to their type")
parse.add_argument('directory_path', type=str, default='./',
help="The absolute path to the directory")
return parse.parse_args().directory_path
documents = ['.log', '.txt', '.doc', '.docx', '.md', '.pdf', '.wps']
picture = ['.png', '.jpg', 'jpeg', '.bmp']
music = ['.mp3', '.wav']
compressed = ['.zip', '.rar', '.tar', '.gz', '.bz2', '.xz']
video = ['.3gp', '.mov', '.mp4', '.mkv', '.srt', '.avi']
web = ['.html', .'.css', '.js']
source = ['.py', '.c', '.cpp', '.java',]
directories = [path() + '/Compressed', path() + '/Documents',
path() + '/Pictures', path() + '/Music', path() + '/Video', path() + '/Web', path() + '/Source-codes',]
print("This will organize your files to different directories according to their type!!")
print("Are you sure you want to continue? (y/n)")
flag = input('>>>')
if flag.lower() == 'y':
try:
for d in directories:
os.mkdir(d)
except FileExistsError:
pass
for files in os.listdir(path()):
dot = (files.rfind('.'))
if dot is not 0 and dot is not -1:
if files[dot:].lower() in music:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Music/' + files)
if files[dot:].lower() in picture:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Pictures/' + files)
if files[dot:].lower() in documents:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Documents/' + files)
if files[dot:].lower() in compressed:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() +
'/Compressed/' + files)
if files[dot:].lower() in video:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Video/' + files)
if files[dot:].lower() in web:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Web/' + files)
if files[dot:].lower() in source:
os.rename(path() + '/' + files, path() + '/Source-codes/' + files)
for d in directories:
if os.listdir(d) is None:
os.removedirs(d)
else:
print("Exiting")
os.sys.exit(0)
46. Excel 文件合并
一个简单的脚本,将给定路径中具有类似表结构的 Excel 文件作为输入,并创建统一的 Excel 工作簿。
所需的库
- 开放式pyxl
$pip install openpyxl
用法
提供了示例脚本“将 excel 文件合并到 1.py”来展示 Excel 合并的用法。运行脚本时,它将询问统一工作簿的名称以及包含需要合并的 Excel 文件的文件夹的路径。
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
import os
# Read data from active worksheet and return it as a list
def reader(file):
global path
abs_file = os.path.join(path, file)
wb_sheet = load_workbook(abs_file).active
rows = []
# min_row is set to 2, ignore the first row which contains headers
for row in wb_sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2):
row_data = []
for cell in row:
row_data.append(cell.value)
rows.append(row_data)
return rows
# You can replace these with your own headers for the table
headers = ['Nume', 'Prenume', 'Titlu', 'Editura', 'Cota', 'Pret', 'An']
# Unified excel name
workbook_name = input('Unified Workbook name ')
book = Workbook()
sheet = book.active
# Specify path
path = input('Path: ')
# Get all files from folder
files = os.listdir(path)
for file in files:
rows = reader(file)
for row in rows:
sheet.append(row)
book.save(filename=workbook_name)
47. 扩展IP地址信息
从终端查看有关您的公共 IP 地址的扩展信息。
python 脚本 curl
使用以下参数运行
curl -H "Accept: application/json" [https://ipinfo.io/json](https://ipinfo.io/json)
运行程序
python extended_ip_address_info.py
输出
输出应采用以下形式:
{
"ip": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
"city": "A_city",
"hostname": "host.isp-website.com",
"region": "A_region",
"country": "Country code",
"loc": "coordinates",
"org": "AS-number ISP-name",
"postal": "postal-code",
"timezone": "Europe/City",
"readme": "https://ipinfo.io/missingauth"
}
#!/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Using curl to get data from https://ipinfo.io/json
# Template from pycurl documentation
# http://pycurl.io/docs/latest/quickstart.html#examining-response-headers
import pycurl #curl library
import certifi #HTTP over TLS/SSL library
from io import BytesIO #Buffered I/O implementation using an in-memory bytes buffer.
#set header, '--header' or -H
header = ['Accept: application/json']
buffer = BytesIO()
c = pycurl.Curl() #curl
c.setopt(c.HTTPHEADER, header) #header
c.setopt(c.URL, 'https://ipinfo.io/json') #URL
c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, buffer)
c.setopt(c.CAINFO, certifi.where()) # SSL certificates
c.perform()
c.close()
body = buffer.getvalue()
# Body is a byte string.
# We have to know the encoding in order to print it to a text file
# such as standard output.
print(body.decode('iso-8859-1'))
48.列表转换器的Excel到Python列表
一个简单的工具,可以读取 Excel 文件和任何相应的工作表,并将其转换为列表数据结构的 Python 列表。
所需的库
- xlrd
$pip install xlrd
用法
已提供示例脚本 excel_to_list_usage.py
来展示 ExcelToList 的用法。它读取 Excel 及其工作表,并打印列表列表。
import xlrd
import sys
class ExcelToList():
def __init__(self, file, sheet):
self.file = file
self.sheet = sheet
def convert(self):
converted_list = []
inputexcel = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file)
inputsheet = inputexcel.sheet_by_name(self.sheet)
numberofrows = inputsheet.nrows
numberofcols = inputsheet.ncols
start_row,start_col = 0,0
for current_row in range(start_row,numberofrows):
currentlist = []
for current_col in range(start_col,numberofcols):
currentlist.append(inputsheet.cell(current_row,current_col).value)
converted_list.append(currentlist)
return converted_list
49. Python 中的文件资源管理器对话框
打开文件资源管理器对话框 UI 以使用 Python 选择文件。
1.使用tkinter
使用 tkinter 的示例:
$ python select_file_tk.py
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
print(file_path)
2.使用PyQt
安装 PyQt5
使用 PyQt5 的示例:
$ python select_file_pyqt.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog, QApplication
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
def select_files(directory_location=None):
qtapp = QApplication([directory_location])
qtwgt = QtWidgets.QWidget()
filenames, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(qtwgt)
return filenames
def main():
filenames = select_files()
print("You selected:\n", "\n".join(filename for filename in filenames))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
50. 文件共享机器人
用Python开发的文件共享电报机器人它就像一个集中的文件存储库,授权用户可以在其中共享文件,并且文件对所有用户都可用。使用/help命令可以查看功能和命令。该机器人可以直接托管在 Heroku 上。
from telegram.ext import Updater, CommandHandler, MessageHandler, Filters
import logging
import os
import telegram
import shutil
# Enable logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
#list of authorized users
#create a list of telegram usernames to authorise them, 0th username is admin.
username_list = []
# Define a few command handlers. These usually take the two arguments bot and
# update. Error handlers also receive the raised TelegramError object in error.
def start(bot, update):
"""Send a message when the command /start is issued."""
reply = "Welcome to World of Automation. \nI am a bot developed by a Lazy Programmer.\nSend /help command to see what i can do."
update.message.reply_text(reply)
def help(bot, update):
"""Send a message when the command /help is issued."""
admin = update.message.from_user.username
if admin == username_list[0]:
reply = '''Send /get folder_name/file_name.extension to receive a file.
\nSend /ls folder_name to show list of files.
\nSend /put folder_name/file_name.extension to upload last sent file.
\nSend /mkdir folder_name to create a Folder.
\nSend /remove folder_name/filename.extension to delete a file.
\nSend /adduser username to give access.
\nSend /removeuser username to revoke access.
\nSend /showuser to show list of users
'''
else:
reply = '''Send /get folder_name/file_name.extension to receive a file.
\nSend /ls folder_name to show list of files.
\nSend /put folder_name/file_name.extension to upload last sent file.
\nSend /mkdir folder_name to create a Folder.
'''
update.message.reply_text(reply)
def get(bot, update):
"""Send requested file."""
username = update.message.from_user.username
if(username not in username_list):
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
return
file = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
if(file == "/send"):
update.message.reply_text("Invalid File name.")
else:
reply = "Findind and Sending a requested file to you. Hold on..."
update.message.reply_text(reply)
path = os.getcwd()+'/'+file
if (os.path.exists(path)):
bot.send_document(chat_id=update.message.chat_id,document=open(path, 'rb'), timeout = 100)
else:
update.message.reply_text("File not Found.")
def ls(bot, update):
"""Show files in requested directory."""
username = update.message.from_user.username
if(username not in username_list):
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
return
file = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
if(file == "/show"):
update.message.reply_text("Invalid Directory name.")
else:
reply = "Findind and Sending a list of files to you. Hold on..."
update.message.reply_text(reply)
path = os.getcwd()+'/'+file
if (os.path.exists(path)):
update.message.reply_text(os.listdir(path))
else:
update.message.reply_text("Directory not Found.")
def put(bot, update):
f = open(str(os.getcwd())+"/file", "r")
file_id = f.read()
f.close
if file_id == "":
update.message.reply_text("You didn't upload file.")
else:
new_file = bot.get_file(file_id)
message = update.message.text.split(" ")
path = message[-1]
if len(path) < 1:
update.message.reply_text("Enter Path correctly.")
else:
new_file.download(os.getcwd()+'/'+path)
update.message.reply_text("File Stored.")
def mkdir(bot, update):
message = update.message.text.split(" ")
if len(message) < 1 or message[-1] == "/mkdir":
update.message.reply_text("Invalid Syntax. Refer syntax in help section.")
return
path = os.getcwd() + "/" + message[-1]
os.mkdir(path)
update.message.reply_text("Folder Created.")
def echo(bot, update):
"""Echo the user message."""
if update.message.document:
file_id = update.message.document.file_id
f = open(str(os.getcwd())+"/file", "w")
f.write(file_id)
f.close
update.message.reply_text("Received.Now send file name and location to store. using /put command")
else:
reply = "Invalid Input."
update.message.reply_text(reply)
def error(bot, update, error):
"""Log Errors caused by Updates."""
logger.warning('Update "%s" caused error "%s"', update, error)
def add_user(bot, update):
admin = update.message.from_user.username
if admin == username_list[0]:
username = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
username_list.append(username)
update.message.reply_text("User added.")
else:
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
def show_user(bot, update):
admin = update.message.from_user.username
if admin == username_list[0]:
update.message.reply_text(username_list)
else:
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
def remove_user(bot, update):
admin = update.message.from_user.username
if admin == username_list[0]:
username = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
username_list.remove(username)
update.message.reply_text("User Removed.")
else:
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
def remove(bot, update):
admin = update.message.from_user.username
if admin == username_list[0]:
filename = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
os.remove(os.getcwd()+ "/" + filename)
update.message.reply_text("File Removed.")
else:
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
def rmdir(bot, update):
admin = update.message.from_user.username
if admin == username_list[0]:
filename = update.message.text.split(" ")[-1]
shutil.rmtree(os.getcwd()+ "/" + filename)
update.message.reply_text("Folder Removed.")
else:
update.message.reply_text("You are not Authorized.")
def main():
"""Start the bot."""
# Create the EventHandler and pass it your bot's token.
TOKEN = os.environ['TOKEN']
updater = Updater(TOKEN)
# Get the dispatcher to register handlers
dp = updater.dispatcher
# on different commands - answer in Telegram
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("help", help))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("get", get))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("ls", ls))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("put", put))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("mkdir", mkdir))
#admin functionalities
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("adduser", add_user))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("showuser", show_user))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("removeUser", remove_user))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("remove", remove))
dp.add_handler(CommandHandler("rmdir", rmdir))
# on noncommand i.e message - echo the message on Telegram
dp.add_handler(MessageHandler(Filters.document, echo))
# log all errors
dp.add_error_handler(error)
# Start the Bot
updater.start_polling()
# Run the bot until you press Ctrl-C or the process receives SIGINT,
# SIGTERM or SIGABRT. This should be used most of the time, since
# start_polling() is non-blocking and will stop the bot gracefully.
updater.idle()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()