std::pair 定义于<utility>
template <class T1, class T2> struct pair;
Pair of values
This class couples together a pair of values, which may be of different types (
T1 and
T2). The individual values can be accessed through its public members
first and
second.
std::tuple 定义于<tuple>
Tuple library
Tuples are objects that pack elements of -possibly- different types together in a single object, just like
pairobjects do for pairs of elements, but generalized for any number of elements.Conceptually, they are similar to plain old data structures (C-like structs) but instead of having named data members, its elements are accessed by their order in the
tuple.The selection of particular elements within a
tuple is done at the template-instantiation level, and thus, it must be specified at compile-time, with helper functions such as
get and
tie.The
tuple class is closely related to the
pair class (defined in header
<utility>): Tuples can be constructed from pairs, and pairs can be treated as tuples for certain purposes.
array containers also have certain tuple-like functionalities.
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <stdexcept>
std::tuple<double, char, std::string> get_student(int id) {
if (id == 0)
return std::make_tuple(98.5, 'A', "qsa");
if (id == 1)
return std::make_tuple(77.0, 'B', "bb");
throw std::invalid_argument("error !");
}
int main() {
auto student = get_student(0);
std::cout << "score " << std::get<0>(student)
<< " level " << std::get<1>(student)
<< " name " << std::get<2>(student) << std::endl;
double score;
char level;
std::string name;
std::tie(score, level, name) = get_student(1);
std::cout << "score " << score << " level " << level << " name " << name << std::endl;
std::pair<int, char> mypair(100, 'A');
auto coll = std::tuple_cat(student, mypair);
std::cout << std::get<0>(coll) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::get<1>(coll) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::get<2>(coll) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::get<3>(coll) << std::endl;
std::cout << std::get<4>(coll) << std::endl;
}