谈谈LaTeX中代码段显示的选择，以及Package minted Error: You must invoke LaTeX with the -shell-escape flag的处理方法

我已经写过好几篇博客说这个问题，总体上来讲，我觉得LaTeX的listing特别拉胯，显示的代码段高亮很丑，让人不忍直视。下面举个例子来说明：

例如要显示下面这段C代码：

int max(int a, int b)
{
    if (a > b)
        return a;
    else
        return b;
}

我们有两种选择，一种是用listing，另一种是用minted，用listing的时候，我进行了如下的设置：

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}

\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
\definecolor{mygray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
\definecolor{mymauve}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}

\lstset{ 
  backgroundcolor=\color{white},   % choose the background color; you must add \usepackage{color} or \usepackage{xcolor}; should come as last argument
  basicstyle=\footnotesize,        % the size of the fonts that are used for the code
  breakatwhitespace=false,         % sets if automatic breaks should only happen at whitespace
  breaklines=true,                 % sets automatic line breaking
  captionpos=b,                    % sets the caption-position to bottom
  commentstyle=\color{mygreen},    % comment style
  deletekeywords={...},            % if you want to delete keywords from the given language
  escapeinside={\%*}{*)},          % if you want to add LaTeX within your code
  extendedchars=true,              % lets you use non-ASCII characters; for 8-bits encodings only, does not work with UTF-8
  firstnumber=1,                   % start line enumeration with line 1
  frame=single,	                   % adds a frame around the code
  keepspaces=true,                 % keeps spaces in text, useful for keeping indentation of code (possibly needs columns=flexible)
  keywordstyle=\color{blue},       % keyword style
  language=C,                      % the language of the code
  morekeywords={*,...},            % if you want to add more keywords to the set
  numbers=left,                    % where to put the line-numbers; possible values are (none, left, right)
  numbersep=5pt,                   % how far the line-numbers are from the code
  numberstyle=\tiny\color{mygray}, % the style that is used for the line-numbers
  rulecolor=\color{black},         % if not set, the frame-color may be changed on line-breaks within not-black text (e.g. comments (green here))
  showspaces=false,                % show spaces everywhere adding particular underscores; it overrides 'showstringspaces'
  showstringspaces=false,          % underline spaces within strings only
  showtabs=false,                  % show tabs within strings adding particular underscores
  stepnumber=1,                    % the step between two line-numbers. If it's 1, each line will be numbered
  stringstyle=\color{mymauve},     % string literal style
  tabsize=2,	                   % sets default tabsize to 2 spaces
  title=\lstname                   % show the filename of files included with \lstinputlisting; also try caption instead of title
}

以上这些主要是抄的现有网页教程中的配置：https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings

如果使用minted，就不需要这么复杂的配置了，只引入这个包即可：

\usepackage{minted}

然后在显示代码段的地方，这两种方法分别如下所示：

\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily\bfseries,caption={Example},language={C},frame=single]
int max(int a, int b)
{
	if (a > b)
		return a;
	else
		return b;
}
\end{lstlisting}



\begin{listing}[h]
\begin{minted}[frame=single,linenos,fontsize=\scriptsize\bfseries,tabsize=2,xleftmargin=20pt]{c}
int max(int a, int b)
{
	if (a > b)
		return a;
	else
		return b;
}
\end{minted}
\caption{Example}
\end{listing}

其实思路是大同小异的，给大家看看最终的结果：

第二种是minted的效果。可以看到，在我上面介绍的选项下，其实两种显示方法的字体什么的是完全一样的，但是明显第二种更好看一些。

另外提一下，如果用VS Code编辑LaTeX，引入minted包的时候会报错（其他的编辑器也一样）：

Package minted Error: You must invoke LaTeX with the -shell-escape flag.

解决方法按照网友的介绍：vscode配置latex的代码高亮（minted）_lucyLee的博客-CSDN博客

在VS Code的界面下按F1，然后选择打开settings.json，给pdflatex和xelatex的配置都加上："-shell-escape"选项，如下所示：

"latex-workshop.latex.tools": [{
        "name": "latexmk",
        "command": "latexmk",
        "args": [
          "-synctex=1",
          "-interaction=nonstopmode",
          "-file-line-error",
          "-pdf",
          "%DOC%"
        ]
        }, {
        "name": "xelatex",
        "command": "xelatex",
        "args": [
          "-synctex=1",
          "-interaction=nonstopmode",
          "-shell-escape",//新加入的选项
          "-file-line-error",
          "%DOC%"
        ]
        }, {
        "name": "pdflatex",
        "command": "pdflatex",
        "args": [
          "-synctex=1",
          "-interaction=nonstopmode",
          "-shell-escape",//新加入的选项
          "-file-line-error",
          "%DOC%"
        ]
        },
......

minted的其他使用方法可以参考：

latex中代码高亮显示宏包minted用法_xenonhu的博客-CSDN博客_minted

Code Highlighting with minted - Overleaf, Online LaTeX Editor

就简单总结这么多。