来源:http://biancheng.dnbcw.info/python/386553.html
我们都用过Django的django-admin.py和manage.py。django-admin.py是一个命令行工具,可以执行一些管理任务,比如创建Django项目。而manage.py是在创建每个Django project时自动添加在项目目录下的,只是对manage.py的一个简单包装,其功能是将Django project放到sys.path目录中,同时设置DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE环境变量为当前project的setting.py文件。
django-admin.py调用django.core.management来执行命令:
#!/usr/bin/env python from django.core import management if __name__ == "__main__": management.execute_from_command_line()
excute_from_command_line()函数会根据命令行参数解析出命令的名称,根据命令名称调用相应的Command执行命令。Command位于各个管理模块的commands模块下面。
所谓管理模块,是指在app模块下的名字为management的模块。Django通过django.core.management.find_management_module函数发现"管理模块":
django.core.management.find_management_module() def find_management_module(app_name): """ Determines the path to the management module for the given app_name, without actually importing the application or the management module. Raises ImportError if the management module cannot be found for any reason. """ parts = app_name.split('.') parts.append('management') parts.reverse() part = parts.pop() path = None
然后通过django.core.management.find_commands函数找到命令类。find_commands函数会在管理模块下查找.py文件,并将.py文件的名称匹配到命令名称:
def find_commands(management_dir): """ Given a path to a management directory, returns a list of all the command names that are available. Returns an empty list if no commands are defined. """ command_dir = os.path.join(management_dir, 'commands') try: return [f[:-3] for f in os.listdir(command_dir) if not f.startswith('_') and f.endswith('.py')] except OSError: return []
最后,通过django.core.management.load_command_class函数加载该.py文件中的Command类:
def load_command_class(app_name, name): """ Given a command name and an application name, returns the Command class instance. All errors raised by the import process (ImportError, AttributeError) are allowed to propagate. """ module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name)) return module.Command()
在执行命令的时候,会执行相应Command类的handle方法。所有的Command类都应该是django.core.management.base.BaseCommand的直接或间接子类。
原理搞清楚了,扩展manage命令就很容易了。创建一个app并加入到settings的INSTALLED_APPS中,在该app下面创建management.commands模块,并创建hello.py文件:
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError from django.db import models #from placeholders import * import os class Command(BaseCommand): def handle(self, *args, **options): print 'hello, django!'
就可以使用hello命令了:
$ python manage.py hello
hello, django!