perl中@_,$_和$1,$2,...及其类似变量的含义

Perl's a great language for special variables - variables that are set up without the programmer having to intervene and providing information ranging from the number of lines read from the current input file ($.) through the current process ID ($$) and the operating system ($^O). Other special variables effect how certain operations are performed ($| controlling output buffering / flushing, for example), or are fundamental in the operation of certain facilities - no more so than $_ and @_. ------------------------------------------- 1.@_含义 1)是perl中默认的数组变量 比如说你想移除数组中的一个元素赋值给一个变$value 方法1：你可以定义某个数组如@abcd my $value=shift @abcd; 方法2：你没有定义任何数组 my $value=shift @_; 和上例等效 这里perl会隐式的选择@_ 2）是sub子函数中的默认参数列表. 例如： sub funct($$) { ($param1, $param2) = @_; #Statement } 再例如，有下面一段代码： my $max_number = &max(1,2); print "1 and 2 ,the max number is $max_number\n"; sub max{ my ($num1,$num2) = @_[0,1]; ## 取出参数列表中的元素。 ........此处省略求max运算 } 在子函数中直接shift; 就可以从@_的前端弹出一个元素. shift; 等于 shift @_; ------------------------- @_ is the list of incoming parameters to a sub. So if you write a sub, you refer to the first parameter in it as$_[0], the second parameter as $_[1] and so on. And you can refer to$#_ as the index number of the last parameter: sub demo { print "Called with ",$#_+1," params\n"; print "First param was $_[0]\n"; Note that the English module adds in the ability to refer to the special variables by other longer, but easier to remember, names such as @ARG for @_ and $PID for $$. But use English; can have a detrimental performance effect if you're matching regular expressions against long incoming strings 2.$_含义 1)$_为默认列表变量。在一个命令没有任何参数的时候，表示它从默认变量里读取。 例如： print; 等于 print $_; 2)默认模式匹配空间(pattern matching space) s/.../.../; 等于 $_ =~ s/.../.../; --------------------------- Then any regular expression matches, chops (and lcs and many more) without a parameter, and evenprints assume you want to work on $_. Thus: while ($line = <FH>) { if ($line =~ /Perl/) { print FHO $line; } print uc $line; } Shortens to: while (<FH>) { /Perl/ and print FHO ; print uc; } 3.$1,$2,...等含义 以数字为名的变量保存的是上一次匹配操作（/pattern/）中，第n个小括号中的原符号所匹配内容。 $1就是第一对小括号中的原符号所对应的匹配内容。 $2就是第二对小括号中的原符号所对应的匹配内容。 内插功能： $str = "aaa4zzz7bbb"; $str =~ /(\d)z{3}(\d)/; print "$1\t$2\n"; 输出结果是：4 7