【Java.IO】I/O 流的类体系结构

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-30 18:19:59 发布

王晓斌

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-30 18:19:59 发布

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分类专栏： Java.IO 文章标签： Java IO

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/robinjwong/article/details/39583103

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所有位于java.io包内的stream类型分别都继承自一下四种抽象stream类型：

	字节 Bytes Stream	字符 Character Stream
Input Stream	InputStream	Reader
Output Stream	OutputStream	Writer

InputStream

InputSteam的基本方法：

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`int`	`available()` Returns an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped over) from this input stream without blocking by the next invocation of a method for this input stream.
`void`	`close()` Closes this input stream and releases any system resources associated with the stream.
`void`	`mark(int readlimit)` Marks the current position in this input stream.
`boolean`	`markSupported()` Tests if this input stream supports the `mark` and `reset` methods.
`abstract int`	`read()` Reads the next byte of data from the input stream.
`int`	`read(byte[] b)` Reads some number of bytes from the input stream and stores them into the buffer array `b`.
`int`	`read(byte[] b, int off, int len)` Reads up to `len` bytes of data from the input stream into an array of bytes.
`void`	`reset()` Repositions this stream to the position at the time the `mark` method was last called on this input stream.
`long`	`skip(long n)` Skips over and discards `n` bytes of data from this input stream.

灰色的代表节点流。白色的代表处理流。

FileInputStream

从一个文件中获取字节数据；通常用于读取原始的字节数据文件，如image data；对与字符型文件，推荐采用FileReader。

PipedInputStream

实现了pipe的概念，主要在线程中使用。管道输入流是指一个通讯管道的接收端。

一个线程通过管道输出流发送数据，而另一个线程通过管道输入流读取数据，这样可以实现两个线程间的通讯：

BypteArrayInputStream

StringBufferInputStream

不推荐使用StringBufferInputStream，此类不能将字符正确的转换为字节。

从字符串创建流的最佳方法是采用StringReader。

SequenceInputStream

把多个InputStream合并成为一个InputStream，并使它们像单个输入流一样。每个输入流依次被读取，直到到达该流的末尾，然后关闭这个流并自动切换到下一个输入流。

OutputStream

OutputStream的基本方法：

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`void`	`close()` Closes this output stream and releases any system resources associated with this stream.
`void`	`flush()` Flushes this output stream and forces any buffered output bytes to be written out.
`void`	`write(byte[] b)` Writes `b.length` bytes from the specified byte array to this output stream.
`void`	`write(byte[] b, int off, int len)` Writes `len` bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset `off` to this output stream.
`abstract void`	`write(int b)` Writes the specified byte to this output stream.

灰色的代表节点流。白色的代表处理流。

FileOutputStream

像File或FileDescriptor输出数据。

PipedOutputStream

管道输出流是指一个通讯管道的发送端。一个线程通过管道输出流发送数据，另一个线程通过管道输入流读取数据，实现两个线程的通讯。

参见PipedInputStream

ByteArrayOutputStream

Reader

Reader的基本方法如下：

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`abstract void`	`close()` Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it.
`void`	`mark(int readAheadLimit)` Marks the present position in the stream.
`boolean`	`markSupported()` Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation.
`int`	`read()` Reads a single character.
`int`	`read(char[] cbuf)` Reads characters into an array.
`abstract int`	`read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)` Reads characters into a portion of an array.
`int`	`read(CharBuffer target)` Attempts to read characters into the specified character buffer.
`boolean`	`ready()` Tells whether this stream is ready to be read.
`void`	`reset()` Resets the stream.
`long`	`skip(long n)` Skips characters.

灰色的代表节点流。白色的代表处理流。

CharArrayReader

与ByteArrayInputStream，实现一个可用作字符输入流的字符缓冲区。

StringReader

与StringBufferInputStream对应，其源为一个字符串的字符流。

FileReader

与FileInputStream对应。

PipedReader

与PipedInputStream对应。

Writer

Writer的基本方法如下：

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`Writer`	`append(char c)` Appends the specified character to this writer.
`Writer`	`append(CharSequence csq)` Appends the specified character sequence to this writer.
`Writer`	`append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end)` Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this writer.
`abstract void`	`close()` Closes the stream, flushing it first.
`abstract void`	`flush()` Flushes the stream.
`void`	`write(char[] cbuf)` Writes an array of characters.
`abstract void`	`write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)` Writes a portion of an array of characters.
`void`	`write(int c)` Writes a single character.
`void`	`write(String str)` Writes a string.
`void`	`write(String str, int off, int len)` Writes a portion of a string.