Leetcode 889: Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Postorder Traversal (二叉树构建好题)

889. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Postorder Traversal
     Medium

Given two integer arrays, preorder and postorder where preorder is the preorder traversal of a binary tree of distinct values and postorder is the postorder traversal of the same tree, reconstruct and return the binary tree.

If there exist multiple answers, you can return any of them.

Example 1:

Input: preorder = [1,2,4,5,3,6,7], postorder = [4,5,2,6,7,3,1]
Output: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Example 2:

Input: preorder = [1], postorder = [1]
Output: [1]

Constraints:

1 <= preorder.length <= 30
1 <= preorder[i] <= preorder.length
All the values of preorder are unique.
postorder.length == preorder.length
1 <= postorder[i] <= postorder.length
All the values of postorder are unique.
It is guaranteed that preorder and postorder are the preorder traversal and postorder traversal of the same binary tree.

解法1：注意构建的二叉树不唯一。如果root只有一个子节点，有可能左子树为空，也有可能右子树为空。这里我们假定这种情况左子树存在，右子树为空。

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
   
public:
    TreeNode* constructFromPrePost