Non-ECC memory

来源：https://www.reference.com/technology/non-ecc-memory-2818893af696697c#

ECC是Error Correcting Code的缩写。Non-ECC内存是指没有错误检测和纠正功能的计算机内存。Non-ECC内存普遍用于消费级计算机系统；ECC内存会用于服务器和科学计算。

内存纠错在最敏感的科学应用和金融应用中才有必要支持。这是因为，在这些应用中一丁点的数据毁坏都有可能导致不堪承受的后果。市面上绝大部分家用和小型商用计算机主板都不支持ECC内存。

到2014年为止，平均内存出错率为：每1G内存连续运行一个月，出现一次内存错误。因为家用和小型商用机器很少会长时间连续运行，所以基本上不会出现内存错误。即使这样的小概率事件发生了，也可以通过系统重启解决，因为家用系统不需要不间断运行。相反，金融和科学应用则需要不间断运行，因此采用ECC内存来避免数据毁坏。

内存错误可以由自然界的背景辐射触发，包括地球上已存的放射性同位素和源自超新星的宇宙射线。宇宙飞船上的内存出错率要比地面上高得多，尤其是在发生太阳光耀和其它引起背景辐射增强的事件的情况下。

Non-ECC memory is computer memory that lacks error checking and correction functions. Non-ECC memory is the most common type of memory in consumer-grade computers; ECC memory is found in servers and scientific computing.

Memory correction is not needed except in the most sensitive scientific and financial applications. Even slight amounts of data corruption are unacceptable in these usage cases, so memory with error correction capabilities is used. Most commercially available motherboards designed for home and small business use do not function with ECC memory.

The average incidence of memory error is once per gigabyte of memory per month of uninterrupted operation, as of 2014. Because very few home and small business machines have significant uninterrupted uptime, there is little risk of a memory error. In the rare case that a memory error does occur, a system restart corrects the issue. Because home systems do not require constant uptime, restarting the machine is an acceptable solution. Financial and scientific applications have greater need for uninterrupted uptime, and use ECC memory to prevent memory errors as a result.

Memory errors are caused by natural background radiation, which comes from both radioactive isotopes found on earth and cosmic rays originating in supernovas. The occurrence of memory errors is much higher for computers aboard spacecraft, particularly during solar flares and other events that increase the incidence of background radiation.