在网络爬虫和自动化任务中,有时会遇到需要识别验证码的情况。本文介绍了如何使用Python和机器学习技术来识别简单的数字验证码。
python
# 导入所需库
import cv2
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
from PIL import Image
import os
# 定义一个简单的函数,用于读取和处理验证码图像
def load_and_process_image(image_path):
# 读取图像并转换为灰度图像
image = cv2.imread(image_path)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 二值化处理
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
# 缩小图像尺寸
resized_image = cv2.resize(thresh, (20, 20))
return resized_image.flatten()
# 定义一个函数,用于加载和处理训练数据
def load_train_data(data_dir):
images = []
labels = []
for filename in os.listdir(data_dir):
if filename.endswith('.png'):
image_path = os.path.join(data_dir, filename)
digit = int(filename.split('_')[0]) # 提取验证码数字
images.append(load_and_process_image(image_path))
labels.append(digit)
return np.array(images), np.array(labels)
# 加载训练数据
train_data_dir = 'train_data'
X_train, y_train = load_train_data(train_data_dir)
# 使用K近邻算法训练模型
model = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 定义一个函数,用于识别验证码
def recognize_captcha(image_path):
processed_image = load_and_process_image(image_path)
predicted_digit = model.predict([processed_image])[0]
return predicted_digit
# 测试模型准确率
test_data_dir = 'test_data'
X_test, y_test = load_train_data(test_data_dir)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print("模型准确率:", accuracy)
# 示例使用
captcha_image_path = 'captcha.png'
predicted_digit = recognize_captcha(captcha_image_path)
print("识别结果:", predicted_digit)
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