使用Python和机器学习识别验证码

在网络爬虫和自动化任务中，有时会遇到需要识别验证码的情况。本文介绍了如何使用Python和机器学习技术来识别简单的数字验证码。

python

# 导入所需库
import cv2
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
from PIL import Image
import os

# 定义一个简单的函数，用于读取和处理验证码图像
def load_and_process_image(image_path):
    # 读取图像并转换为灰度图像
    image = cv2.imread(image_path)
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    
    # 二值化处理
    _, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
    
    # 缩小图像尺寸
    resized_image = cv2.resize(thresh, (20, 20))
    
    return resized_image.flatten()

# 定义一个函数，用于加载和处理训练数据
def load_train_data(data_dir):
    images = []
    labels = []
    for filename in os.listdir(data_dir):
        if filename.endswith('.png'):
            image_path = os.path.join(data_dir, filename)
            digit = int(filename.split('_')[0])  # 提取验证码数字
            images.append(load_and_process_image(image_path))
            labels.append(digit)
    return np.array(images), np.array(labels)

# 加载训练数据
train_data_dir = 'train_data'
X_train, y_train = load_train_data(train_data_dir)

# 使用K近邻算法训练模型
model = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# 定义一个函数，用于识别验证码
def recognize_captcha(image_path):
    processed_image = load_and_process_image(image_path)
    predicted_digit = model.predict([processed_image])[0]
    return predicted_digit

# 测试模型准确率
test_data_dir = 'test_data'
X_test, y_test = load_train_data(test_data_dir)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print("模型准确率：", accuracy)

# 示例使用
captcha_image_path = 'captcha.png'
predicted_digit = recognize_captcha(captcha_image_path)
print("识别结果：", predicted_digit)

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