besides、but、except、except for、except that和except when

本文详细解析了英语中besides、but、except、except for、except that和except when等词语的含义和用法,通过具体例子帮助读者正确地区分与使用这些表达方式,特别强调了它们在句子中的位置和与之搭配的语法特点。

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在英语中,besidesbutexceptexcept forexcept thatexcept when都可表示“除……外”之意,但是它们的含义和用法各不相同,不能混淆。现编如下口诀,以帮助正确地区别与使用:

辨析“除外”看含义, “包括在内”besides①。

exceptbut“不包括”, “除去”后面名代词②。

but前有不定词, 后面常跟不定式③。

  except that接从句④, except for不同质⑤。

表“时间”when连词⑥, 巧别except众兄弟。

说明:

besides表示“除……外,还有”,即包括后面人或物在内,相当于as well as。例:

1I asked the teacher a lot of questions besidesas well asthemost important one,除了那个最重要的问题外,我还问了老师许多问题。

2BesidesAs well ashis work in physics he spent much timeworking for human rights and

progress.除了物理学方面的工作之外,他还花了很多时间为人权和进步而工作。

exceptbutprep)表示“除去……”,不包括后面的名词或代词所表示的人或事物,相当于only。例:

1My father goes to work every day except saturday and Sunday.我的父亲除星期六和星期日之外,每天都上班。

  (=My father doesnt go to work only on Saturday and Sunday

   2All the students in our class failed in the final exam except her andme.除我和她之外,我们班其他学生期末考试都未及格。

  (=Only she and I passed the final exam In our class.)

③当butprep)作“除……外”讲时,前面一般有allnothingno-body等不定代词,后面常跟不定式连用。例:

   1Nobody was late but you two.除了你们俩外再无人迟到。(=Only you two were late.)

2Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是,它除躺下睡觉之外,别无选择。

except that“除了,只是”,后接that引导的宾语从句。例:

1Except that she speaks too fastshe is a good English teacher.除了她说话太快,她是一位很好的英语教师。

2 We learn little about the moonexcept that there is neither airnor water on it.关于月球的情况我们不清楚,只知道上面既无空气又无水。

except for是“除了”或“只有”之意,表示它的前后是性质相反的事情,强调前项。例:

1Your English composition is excellent except for some

grammarmistakes.你的英语作文写得不错,只是有一些语法错误。

2The place is not worth visiting except for its old temples.这个地方只有几座古庙,不值得参观。

except when含义为“除了……时候”,指时间,后踉when引导的宾语从句。例:

   1The professor used to go out for a walk every afternoon except when it rained.除了雨天,那位教授习惯于每天下午都出外散步。

   2His elder brother reaches his office on time every day except when the bus is late.除了车晚点外,他的哥哥每天都按时到达办公室。


### Ubuntu 22.04 Minimal Installation Guide For users seeking a streamlined setup process on Ubuntu 22.04, following an approach that minimizes unnecessary packages and configurations becomes essential. The procedure described here aims at achieving such a minimal installation. #### Preparing for Installation Before starting the actual installation of Ubuntu 22.04, ensure hardware compatibility with the operating system. Verify sufficient disk space (at least 5 GB recommended), RAM (minimum 2GB but more is better), and processor capabilities are adequate[^1]. #### Downloading the ISO Image Obtain the official server edition ISO image from Canonical’s website which inherently comes as a minimal version suitable for servers or those who prefer installing only required components manually later. #### Creating Bootable Media Use tools like Rufus (on Windows) or `dd` command line utility (Linux/macOS) to create bootable USB drives using downloaded ISO files: ```bash sudo dd bs=4M if=/path/to/ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdX status=progress && sync ``` Replace `/path/to/ubuntu.iso` with path where ISO file resides locally and `/dev/sdX` by target device identifier without partition number suffix e.g., sdb instead of sdb1. #### Installing Ubuntu Boot from created media selecting "Install Ubuntu Server". Choose language preferences during initial screens followed by network configuration including hostname setting up user accounts etc. When prompted about software selection opt-out everything except OpenSSH server unless specific needs dictate otherwise; this keeps installed package count low ensuring leaner environment post-installation. After completing these steps successfully reboot into newly installed OS instance ready for further customization according to personal requirements while maintaining minimalist principles throughout. --related questions-- 1. What considerations should be made before attempting a minimal installation? 2. How does one verify their computer meets minimum specifications prior to proceeding? 3. Can other versions besides the server edition achieve similar results regarding minimalism? 4. Are there alternative methods beyond utilizing Rufus or 'dd' for preparing live USBs under different host systems? 5. In what scenarios might adding additional default services prove beneficial despite aiming towards minimal deployments?
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