安卓Android ViewGroup onDraw为什么没调用?

原帖 : link

前言

通过本篇文章,你将了解到:

1、ViewGroup onDraw不执行的原因
2、怎么让ViewGroup onDraw执行
3、setWillNotDraw(boolean)作用

如果对原理不感兴趣,请拉到最后的总结查看解决办法~

小例子

我们知道自定义view的时候会重写onDraw()方法,如下:

public class MyView extends View {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Paint</span> paint<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Rect</span> rect<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Bitmap</span> bitmap<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Matrix</span> matrix<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Context</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Context</span> context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Nullable</span> <span class="token class-name">AttributeSet</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Context</span> context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Nullable</span> <span class="token class-name">AttributeSet</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> defStyleAttr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    paint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Paint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    paint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAntiAlias</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    paint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setColor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Color</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>BLUE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    rect <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Rect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">draw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Canvas</span> canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">draw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">onDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Canvas</span> canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    canvas<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">drawRect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rect<span class="token punctuation">,</span> paint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

效果图:


image.png

蓝色的方块即是我们自定义MyView绘制的。
现在自定义一个ViewGroup:MyFrameLayout,并把MyView添加到MyFrameLayout里。

public class MyFrameLayout extends FrameLayout {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">Paint</span> paint<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token class-name">RectF</span> rectF<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyFrameLayout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@NonNull</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span> context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyFrameLayout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@NonNull</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span> context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Nullable</span> <span class="token class-name">AttributeSet</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">MyFrameLayout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@NonNull</span> <span class="token class-name">Context</span> context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Nullable</span> <span class="token class-name">AttributeSet</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attrs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> defStyleAttr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">addView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MyView</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    paint <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Paint</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    paint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAntiAlias</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    paint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setColor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Color</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>RED<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    rectF <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">RectF</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">dispatchDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Canvas</span> canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatchDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">onDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Canvas</span> canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    canvas<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">drawRect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>rectF<span class="token punctuation">,</span> paint<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

MyFrameLayout 里重写了onDraw()方法,试图绘制一个红色的矩形,并且将MyView作为子view添加到MyFrameLayout里。最后将MyFrameLayout添加到xml作为activity布局文件:

    <com.fish.myapplication.MyFrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/myFrameLayout"
        android:layout_width="400dp"
        android:layout_height="400dp">
    </com.fish.myapplication.MyFrameLayout>

来看看效果:


image.png

想象中红色的矩形并没有显示出来,猜测一下原因:

1、MyView遮挡了MyFrameLayout的绘制?这个可以排除了,因为MyView蓝色区域大小:100px * 100px,而MyFrameLayout红色区域大小:200px * 200px。
2、MyFrameLayout的onDraw()没有调用。

寻根溯源

这里涉及到view的绘制流程,不进行深入阐述,大致挑重点说一下:

1、从根view(viewGroup)开始,先绘制自身,再绘制子view
2、子view继续按照第一步递归
3、如果当前view不是viewGroup,那么不会绘制子view(因为它没有孩子啊)

view绘制源码,对应上述步骤。

    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    <span class="token comment">//省略</span>
    <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> horizontalEdges <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>viewFlags <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> verticalEdges <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>viewFlags <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>verticalEdges <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>horizontalEdges<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// 绘制自身内容</span>
        <span class="token function">onDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token comment">// 绘制子view</span>
        <span class="token function">dispatchDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token comment">//省略</span>

        <span class="token comment">// we're done...</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token comment">//省略</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

回到我们之前的试验,MyFrameLayout onDraw()没有执行,但是MyView onDraw()执行了,说明MyFrameLayout dispatchDraw()方法执行了,我们有理由相信MyFrameLayout draw()方法没有执行,只执行了MyFrameLayout dispatchDraw(),继续探究。

硬件加速

现在Android默认开启硬件加速,什么是硬件加速呢?为了加快Android绘制速度,适当解放cpu资源,Android将一部分绘制放到gpu执行。而对应的Android里面的canvas,也分为是否支持硬件加速,因此绘制流程也有所差异,流程图简示如下:


image.png

[]表示该调用该类里的对应方法。
()表示方法里的参数
从上图可以看出,不管是否开启硬件加速,都会经历“跳过绘制”的逻辑判断,而该判断的分支就决定了viewGroup的ondraw()方法是否执行。如果“跳过绘制”成立,那么调用dispatchDraw()方法,继而调用子view进行绘制(如果有子view)。如果“跳过绘制”不成立,那么调用draw(x1),该方法上面分析过了:会调用dispatchDraw()和ondraw()方法。

决定是否绘制的因素

从代码上分析结果来看,初步符合我们的猜想:MyFrameLayout因为某种原因,跳过了绘制,只调用了dispatchDraw()方法,从而onDraw()方法没有得到执行,最终导致没有绘制自身的内容。接下来看看“跳过绘制”的判断依据。

软件绘制:

view.java draw(x1,x2,x3)方法
                ...
                // Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                    dispatchDraw(canvas);
                } else {
                    draw(canvas);
                }
                ...

硬件加速:

view.java updateDisplayListIfDirty方法
                    //省略
                    // Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
                    if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
                        dispatchDraw(canvas);
                        drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
                        if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
                            mOverlay.getOverlayView().draw(canvas);
                        }
                        if (debugDraw()) {
                            debugDrawFocus(canvas);
                        }
                    } else {
                        draw(canvas);
                    }
                    //省略

可以看出不管是否支持硬件加速,其判断依据是通过PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记来确定的,现在就需要找到这个标记什么时候赋值与清空的。MyFrameLayout onDraw()没执行,而MyView onDraw()执行了,那么猜测MyFrameLayout设置了 PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记,MyView没有设置。MyFrameLayout简单继承了FrameLayout,MyView简单继承了View,我们并没有对两者进行单独设置标记,进而猜测是viewGroup和View初始化时对于PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记做了不同的处理。
来看看ViewGroup初始化:


image.png

viewGroup初始化的时候,默认设置了WILL_NOT_DRAW,从字面意思来看是“不会绘制”标记,这个标记是否和PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW有联系呢?继续查看setFlags方法:

vew.java setFlags方法
        //省略
        if ((changed & DRAW_MASK) != 0) {
            if ((mViewFlags & WILL_NOT_DRAW) != 0) {
                if (mBackground != null
                        || mDefaultFocusHighlight != null
                        || (mForegroundInfo != null && mForegroundInfo.mDrawable != null)) {
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW;
                } else {
                    mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW;
                }
            } else {
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW;
            }
            requestLayout();
            invalidate(true);
        }
        //省略

到此处就比较明朗,将两个标记值联系起来了:

1、如果设置了WILL_NOT_DRAW标记,那么继续检查background、foreground(mDrawable字段)、focusHighLight是否有值,如果三者任意一个设置了,那么将PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记清除,否则将该标记加上。
2、如果没有设置WILL_NOT_DRAW标记,那么将PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记清除。

至此,我们知道了MyFrameLayout onDraw()方法没有执行的原因:viewGroup默认设置了WILL_NOT_DRAW标记,进而设置了PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记,而在绘制的时候通过判断PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记来决定是否调用MyFrameLayout draw(x)方法,最终调用onDraw()方法。而view默认没有设置WILL_NOT_DRAW标记,也就没有后面的事了。

如何让viewGroup onDraw()执行

既然知道了MyFrameLayout没有绘制的原因,那么就有方法让它执行绘制流程。
先来看看WILL_NOT_DRAW

view.java
    /**
     * If this view doesn't do any drawing on its own, set this flag to
     * allow further optimizations. By default, this flag is not set on
     * View, but could be set on some View subclasses such as ViewGroup.
     *
     * Typically, if you override {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)}
     * you should clear this flag.
     *
     * @param willNotDraw whether or not this View draw on its own
     */
    public void setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw) {
        setFlags(willNotDraw ? WILL_NOT_DRAW : 0, DRAW_MASK);
    }
<span class="token comment">/**
 * Returns whether or not this View draws on its own.
 *
 * @return true if this view has nothing to draw, false otherwise
 */</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ViewDebug</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token class-name">ExportedProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>category <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"drawing"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">boolean</span> <span class="token function">willNotDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>mViewFlags <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> DRAW_MASK<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> WILL_NOT_DRAW<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

View类里暴露了设置WILL_NOT_DRAW标记的接口:
setWillNotDraw(boolean willNotDraw),可以在MyFrameLayout里使用setWillNotDraw(false)。
不想设置该标记也是可行的,前面说过即使设置了WILL_NOT_DRAW,后面还是有判断background、foreground、focusHighLight是否有值。
background:view背景
foreground(mDrawable字段):view前景
focusHighLight:view获得焦点时高亮
我们只要设置了其中一个值,PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记将会被清空。
来看看这三个值如何影响PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW标记

view.java
public void setBackgroundDrawable(Drawable background) {
if (background != null) {
   if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) != 0) {
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW;
                requestLayout = true;
            }
     }
}

public void setForeground(Drawable foreground) {
if (foreground != null) {
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) != 0) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW;
}
}
}

private void setDefaultFocusHighlight(Drawable highlight) {
mDefaultFocusHighlight = highlight;
mDefaultFocusHighlightSizeChanged = true;
if (highlight != null) {
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) != 0) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW;
}
}
}

探究了原理,我们来看看实际效果,现在给MyFrameLayout加上背景,再来看看效果:


image.png

蓝色是MyView绘制出来的
红色是MyFrameLayout绘制出来的
绿色是MyFrameLayout设置的背景
看得出来,MyFrameLayout内容已经绘制出来(红色区域)

总结

若要ViewGroup onDraw()执行,只需要setWillNotDraw(false)、设置背景、设置前景、设置焦点高亮,4个选项其中一项满足即可。

当然如果不想在MyFrameLayout onDraw里绘制,也可以重写MyFrameLayout dispatchDraw()方法,在该方法里绘制MyFrameLayout内容。

    @Override
    protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        canvas.drawRect(rectF, paint);
        super.dispatchDraw(canvas);
    }
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">onDraw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Canvas</span> canvas<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

// canvas.drawRect(rectF, paint);
}

需要注意的是,super.dispatchDraw(canvas)要放到后边执行,不然子view内容会被MyFrameLayout覆盖。

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