C# 基础： 线程示例3-线程同步的三种方法

一、 实现线程同步的方法

1.1 使用lock关键字实现线程同步

lock关键字可以用来确保代码块完成运行，不会被其他线程终断。它主要是通过在代码块运行期间为给定对象获取互斥锁来实现。
如果在静态方法中使用lock关键字，不能使用this。

using System;
using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        private int num = 20;  // 设置当前总票数
        private void Ticket()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                lock (this)
                {
                    if (num > 0)
                    {
                        Thread.Sleep(50);
                        Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.Name + "-----票数" + num--);
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Program p = new Program();
            Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t1.Name = "线程1";

            Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t2.Name = "线程2";

            Thread t3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t3.Name = "线程3";

            Thread t4 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t4.Name = "线程4";

            t1.Start();
            t2.Start();
            t3.Start();
            t4.Start();
        }
    }
}

1.2 使用Monitor类实现线程同步

Monitor类提供了同步对对象的访问机制，它通过向单个线程授予对象锁来控制对象的访问，对象锁提供限制访问代码块的能力。当一个线程拥有对象锁时，其他任何线程都不能获取该锁。

using System;
using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        public static Program p = new Program();
        private static int num = 30;  // 设置当前总票数
        private static void Ticket()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                Monitor.Enter(p);
                {
                    if (num > 0)
                    {
                        Thread.Sleep(100);
                        Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.Name + "-----票数" + num--);
                    }
                }
                Monitor.Exit(p);
            }

        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
  
            Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Program.Ticket));
            t1.Name = "线程1";

            Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Program.Ticket));
            t2.Name = "线程2";

            Thread t3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Program.Ticket));
            t3.Name = "线程3";

            Thread t4 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Program.Ticket));
            t4.Name = "线程4";

            t1.Start();
            t2.Start();
            t3.Start();
            t4.Start();
        }
    }
}

1.3 使用Mutex类实现线程同步

实现线程同步还可以使用Mutex类，该类是同步基元，它只向一个线程授予对共享资源的独占访问权。Mutex本质上与Monitor类似，与监视器不同的是， Mutex类可以使跨进程的线程同步。

using System;
using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        private int num = 20;  // 设置当前总票数
        private void Ticket()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                Mutex mutex = new Mutex(true);
                mutex.WaitOne();

                if (num > 0)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(50);
                    Console.WriteLine(Thread.CurrentThread.Name + "-----票数" + num--);
                }
                
                mutex.ReleaseMutex();
            }

        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Program p = new Program();
            Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t1.Name = "线程1";

            Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t2.Name = "线程2";

            Thread t3 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t3.Name = "线程3";

            Thread t4 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.Ticket));
            t4.Name = "线程4";

            t1.Start();
            t2.Start();
            t3.Start();
            t4.Start();
        }
    }
}