转自:
http://www.cnblogs.com/autosar/archive/2010/03/16/1687635.html
1. 准备:
1.1. 资料收集
去freescale的网站上下载下面的几个pdf文件:
名称 | 内容 |
EREFRM.pdf | A Programmer's Reference Manual for Freescale Embedded Processors |
E500CORERM.pdf | PowerPC™ e500 Core Family Reference Manual |
E500ABIUG.pdf | PowerPC™ e500 Application Binary Interface User's Guide |
MPC5554.pdf | MPC5554 Microcontroller Data Sheet |
MPC5553_MPC5554_RM.pdf | MPC5553/5554 Microcontroller Reference Manual |
1.2. Linux源代码下载:
http://www.kernel.org/
2. CPU学习
2.1. 寄存器
E500内核寄存器分为用户模式(ULR)和特权模式(SLR):
它们的访问受MSR(Machine State Register)的PR位的控制,PR=0时可以访问SLR。而MSR只有处于特权模式下才能访问,因此只有通过中断、系统调用和异常才能实现用户态到特权态的切换。
MSR寄存器如下所示:
在linux-2.6.33/arch/powerpc/include/asm/reg_booke.h中可以看到,Linux如下定义MSR的各个位:
#define MSR_SF_LG 63 /* Enable 64 bit mode */ |
#define MSR_ISF_LG 61 /* Interrupt 64b mode valid on 630 */ |
#define MSR_HV_LG 60 /* Hypervisor state */ |
#define MSR_VEC_LG 25 /* Enable AltiVec */ |
#define MSR_VSX_LG 23 /* Enable VSX */ |
#define MSR_POW_LG 18 /* Enable Power Management */ |
#define MSR_WE_LG 18 /* Wait State Enable */ |
#define MSR_TGPR_LG 17 /* TLB Update registers in use */ |
#define MSR_CE_LG 17 /* Critical Interrupt Enable */ |
#define MSR_ILE_LG 16 /* Interrupt Little Endian */ |
#define MSR_EE_LG 15 /* External Interrupt Enable */ |
#define MSR_PR_LG 14 /* Problem State / Privilege Level */ |
#define MSR_FP_LG 13 /* Floating Point enable */ |
#define MSR_ME_LG 12 /* Machine Check Enable */ |
#define MSR_FE0_LG 11 /* Floating Exception mode 0 */ |
#define MSR_SE_LG 10 /* Single Step */ |
#define MSR_BE_LG 9 /* Branch Trace */ |
#define MSR_DE_LG 9 /* Debug Exception Enable */ |
#define MSR_FE1_LG 8 /* Floating Exception mode 1 */ |
#define MSR_IP_LG 6 /* Exception prefix 0x000/0xFFF */ |
#define MSR_IR_LG 5 /* Instruction Relocate */ |
#define MSR_DR_LG 4 /* Data Relocate */ |
#define MSR_PE_LG 3 /* Protection Enable */ |
#define MSR_PX_LG 2 /* Protection Exclusive Mode */ |
#define MSR_PMM_LG 2 /* Performance monitor */ |
#define MSR_RI_LG 1 /* Recoverable Exception */ |
#define MSR_LE_LG 0 /* Little Endian */ |
#define MSR_GS (1<<28) /* Guest state */ |
#define MSR_UCLE (1<<26) /* User-mode cache lock enable */ |
#define MSR_SPE (1<<25) /* Enable SPE */ |
#define MSR_DWE (1<<10) /* Debug Wait Enable */ |
#define MSR_UBLE (1<<10) /* BTB lock enable (e500) */ |
#define MSR_IS MSR_IR /* Instruction Space */ |
#define MSR_DS MSR_DR /* Data Space */ |
#define MSR_PMM (1<<2) /* Performance monitor mark bit */ |
#define MSR_CM (1<<31) /* Computation Mode (0=32-bit, 1=64-bit) */ |
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E_64) |
#define MSR_ MSR_ME | MSR_CE |
#define MSR_KERNEL MSR_ | MSR_CM |
#define MSR_USER32 MSR_ | MSR_PR | MSR_EE |
#define MSR_USER64 MSR_USER32 | MSR_CM |
#elif defined (CONFIG_40x) |
#define MSR_KERNEL (MSR_ME|MSR_RI|MSR_IR|MSR_DR|MSR_CE) |
#define MSR_USER (MSR_KERNEL|MSR_PR|MSR_EE) |
#define MSR_KERNEL (MSR_ME|MSR_RI|MSR_CE) |
#define MSR_USER (MSR_KERNEL|MSR_PR|MSR_EE) |
从上面红色内容可以看出,Linux内核态和用户态MSR的区别。
Linux进程启动函数(execve)中,需要从系统态到用户态转换这个转换函数在start_thread()中完成,如下:
void start_thread( struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long start, unsigned long sp) |
if (!current-> thread .regs) { |
struct pt_regs *regs = task_stack_page(current) + THREAD_SIZE; |
current-> thread .regs = regs - 1; |
memset (regs->gpr, 0, sizeof (regs->gpr)); |
discard_lazy_cpu_state(); |
current-> thread .used_vsr = 0; |
#endif memset(current->thread.fpr, 0, sizeof(current->thread.fpr)); |
current-> thread .fpscr.val = 0; |
memset (current-> thread .vr, 0, sizeof (current-> thread .vr)); |
memset (¤t-> thread .vscr, 0, sizeof (current-> thread .vscr)); |
current-> thread .vscr.u[3] = 0x00010000; |
current-> thread .vrsave = 0; |
current-> thread .used_vr = 0; |
#endif /* CONFIG_ALTIVEC */ |
memset (current-> thread .evr, 0, sizeof (current-> thread .evr)); |
current-> thread .spefscr = 0; |
current-> thread .used_spe = 0; |