P27 026字典：当索引不好用时1----20201005

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-07 18:39:28 发布
最新推荐文章于 2020-12-07 18:39:28 发布
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分类专栏： 小甲鱼Python python 文章标签： 1024程序员节
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/rygygv/article/details/108928561
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这里写目录标题

P27 026字典：当索引不好用时1----20201005

>>> brand = ['李宁','耐克','阿迪达斯','鱼']
>>> slogan = ['一切皆有可能','just do it','impossible is nothing ','让编程改变世界']
>>> print ('鱼的口号是',slogan[brand.index('鱼')])
鱼的口号是 让编程改变世界
>>> dict1={'李宁':'一切皆有可能','耐克':'just do it','阿迪达斯':'impossible is nothing ','鱼':'让编程改变世界'}
>>> print('鱼的口号是',dict1['鱼'])
鱼的口号是 让编程改变世界
>>> dict2 = {1:'one',2,'two',3,'three'}
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> dict2 = {1:'one',2:'two',3:'three'}
>>> dict2[2]
'two'
>>> dict3 = {}
>>> dict3
{}
>>> help(dict)
Help on class dict in module builtins:

class dict(object)
 |  dict() -> new empty dictionary
 |  dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
 |      (key, value) pairs
 |  dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
 |      d = {}
 |      for k, v in iterable:
 |          d[k] = v
 |  dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
 |      in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __contains__(self, key, /)
 |      True if D has a key k, else False.
 |  
 |  __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |      Delete self[key].
 |  
 |  __eq__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self==value.
 |  
 |  __ge__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>=value.
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |      Return getattr(self, name).
 |  
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |  
 |  __gt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>value.
 |  
 |  __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __iter__(self, /)
 |      Implement iter(self).
 |  
 |  __le__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<=value.
 |  
 |  __len__(self, /)
 |      Return len(self).
 |  
 |  __lt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<value.
 |  
 |  __ne__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self!=value.
 |  
 |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
 |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __repr__(self, /)
 |      Return repr(self).
 |  
 |  __setitem__(self, key, value, /)
 |      Set self[key] to value.
 |  
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes
 |  
 |  clear(...)
 |      D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D.
 |  
 |  copy(...)
 |      D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D
 |  
 |  fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from builtins.type
 |      Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value.
 |  
 |  get(...)
 |      D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None.
 |  
 |  items(...)
 |      D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items
 |  
 |  keys(...)
 |      D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys
 |  
 |  pop(...)
 |      D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
 |      If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
 |  
 |  popitem(...)
 |      D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
 |      2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
 |  
 |  setdefault(...)
 |      D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D
 |  
 |  update(...)
 |      D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
 |      If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
 |      If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
 |      In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
 |  
 |  values(...)
 |      D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |  
 |  __hash__ = None

>>> dict3 = dict((('F',70),('i',105),('h',104),('c',67)))
>>> dict3
{'F': 70, 'i': 105, 'h': 104, 'c': 67}
>>> dict4=(小甲鱼='让编程改变世界',苍井空='让AV征服')
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> dict4=(小甲鱼='让编程改变世界',苍井空='让AV征服')
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> dict4=(小甲鱼='让编程改变世界',苍井空='让AV征服')
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> dict4=dict(小甲鱼='让编程改变世界',苍井空='让AV征服')
>>> dict4
{'小甲鱼': '让编程改变世界', '苍井空': '让AV征服'}
>>> dict4['苍井空']='学习编程'
>>> dict4
{'小甲鱼': '让编程改变世界', '苍井空': '学习编程'}
>>> dict4['爱迪生']= '天才'
>>> dict4
{'小甲鱼': '让编程改变世界', '苍井空': '学习编程', '爱迪生': '天才'}
>>>

P31 030文件系统：介绍一个高大上的东西1006

>>> import random
>>> secret =random.randint (1,10)
>>> secret
6
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'C:\\Users\\MR\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36'
>>> os.chdir("E:")
>>> od.listdir("E:")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#37>", line 1, in <module>
    od.listdir("E:")
NameError: name 'od' is not defined
>>> os.listdir("E:")
['$RECYCLE.BIN', '360Downloads', '360驱动大师目录', 'code', 'Debug', 'Drivers', 'jianguoyun', 'Manual', 'QQMusicCache', 'record.txt', 'System Volume Information', 'test.txt', 'test_1.py.txt', '图片', '迅雷下载']
>>> os.dir("E:\\A")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#39>", line 1, in <module>
    os.dir("E:\\A")
AttributeError: module 'os' has no attribute 'dir'
>>> os.mkdir("E:\\A")
>>> os.mkdir("E:\\A\\B")
>>> os.mkdir("E:\\C\\B")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>
    os.mkdir("E:\\C\\B")
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系统找不到指定的路径。: 'E:\\C\\B'
>>> os.rmdir("E:\\A\\B")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#43>", line 1, in <module>
    os.rmdir("E:\\A\\B")
OSError: [WinError 145] 目录不是空的。: 'E:\\A\\B'
>>> os.remove("E:\\A\\B\\test.txt")
>>> os.rmdir("E:\\A\\B")
>>> os.system('cmd')
-1073741510
>>> os.system('calc')
0
>>> os.curdir
'.'
>>> os.listdir(os.curdir)
['$RECYCLE.BIN', '360Downloads', '360驱动大师目录', 'A', 'code', 'Debug', 'Drivers', 'jianguoyun', 'Manual', 'QQMusicCache', 'record.txt', 'System Volume Information', 'test.txt', 'test_1.py.txt', '图片', '迅雷下载']
>>> os.path.basename('E:\\A\\B\\C\\sexy.avi')
'sexy.avi'
>>> os.path.dirname('E:\\A\\B\\C\\sexy.avi')
'E:\\A\\B\\C'
>>> os.path.join('A','B','C')
'A\\B\\C'
>>> os.path.join('C:','A','B','C')
'C:A\\B\\C'
>>> os.path.join('C:\\','A','B','C')
'C:\\A\\B\\C'
>>> os.path.split('E:\\A\\B\\C')
('E:\\A\\B', 'C')
>>> os.path.split('E:\\A\\B\\C\\test.avi')
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> os.path.split('E:\\A\\B\\C\\test.avi')
('E:\\A\\B\\C', 'test.avi')
>>> os.path.splitext('E:\\A\\B\\C\\test.avi')
('E:\\A\\B\\C\\test', '.avi')
>>> os.path.getatime('E:\\test.txt')
1601964171.0347624
>>> import time
>>> time.gmtime (os.path.getatime('E:\\test.txt'))
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=6, tm_min=2, tm_sec=51, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=280, tm_isdst=0)
>>> time.localtime (os.path.getatime('E:\\test.txt'))
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=14, tm_min=2, tm_sec=51, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=280, tm_isdst=0)
>>> time.localtime (os.path.getmtime('E:\\test.txt'))
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=14, tm_min=2, tm_sec=51, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=280, tm_isdst=0)
>>> time.localtime (os.path.getctime('E:\\test.txt'))
time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=13, tm_min=15, tm_sec=14, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=280, tm_isdst=0)
>>> E:\\A\\B\\TEST.TXT
SyntaxError: unexpected character after line continuation character
>>> E:\\A\\B\\TEST.TXT
SyntaxError: unexpected character after line continuation character
>>> E:\\A\\B\\TEST.txt
SyntaxError: unexpected character after line continuation character
>>> 'E:\\A\\B\\TEST.TXT'
'E:\\A\\B\\TEST.TXT'
>>> os.path.ismount('E:\\')
True
>>> os.path.ismount('E:\\A')
False
>>>

P32 031永久存储：研制一缸美味的泡菜1006

>>> import pickle
>>> my_list =[123,3.14,'xiaojiayu',['xnother list']]
>>> pickle_file = open("my_list.pkl",'wb')
>>> pickle.dump(my_list,pickle_file)
>>> pickle_file.close()
>>> pickle_file = open("my_list.pkl",'rb')
>>> my_list2 = pickle.load(pickle_file)
>>> print(my_list2)
[123, 3.14, 'xiaojiayu', ['xnother list']]

P33 032异常处理：你不可能总是对的1–1006

file_name = input('请输入需要打开的文件名：')
f = open(file_name,encoding='utf-8')
print('文件的内容是：')
for each_line in f:
    print(each_line)

常见报错类型：

>>> my_list = ['小甲鱼是帅哥']
>>> assert len(my_list) > 0
>>> my_list.pop()
'小甲鱼是帅哥'
>>> assert len(my_list) >0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
    assert len(my_list) >0
AssertionError
>>> my_list.fishc
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module>
    my_list.fishc
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'fishc'
>>> my_list = [1,2,3]
>>> my_liat[3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>
    my_liat[3]
NameError: name 'my_liat' is not defined
>>> my_list[2]
3
>>> my_dixt = {'one' : 1,'two':2,'three':3}
>>> my_dict["one"]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
    my_dict["one"]
NameError: name 'my_dict' is not defined
>>> my_dict['one']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#10>", line 1, in <module>
    my_dict['one']
NameError: name 'my_dict' is not defined
>>> my_dixt['one']
1
>>> my_dixt['four']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#12>", line 1, in <module>
    my_dixt['four']
KeyError: 'four'
>>> my_dixt.get('four')
>>> my_dixt
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> fishc
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#15>", line 1, in <module>
    fishc
NameError: name 'fishc' is not defined
>>> print'i love'
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 1+'1'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module>
    1+'1'
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
>>> 7/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    7/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
>>>

P34 033异常处理：你不可能总是对的2–1006

try:
 #   int('abc')
    sum = 1 + '1'
    f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt','r',encoding='utf-8')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except OSError as reason:
    print('文件出错啦\n错误的原因是'+str(reason))
except TypeError as reason:
    print('类型出错啦\n错误的原因是'+str(reason))


try:
    #int('abc')

    f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')
    print(f.write('我存在了'))
    sum = 1 + '1'

except OSError as reason:
    print('文件出错啦\n错误的原因是'+str(reason))
except TypeError as reason:
    print('类型出错啦\n错误的原因是'+str(reason))
finally:
    f.close()

>>> 7/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    7/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
>>> raise ZeroDivisionError('除数为0的异常')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module>
    raise ZeroDivisionError('除数为0的异常')
ZeroDivisionError: 除数为0的异常

P35 034丰富的else语句及简洁的with语句1006

如果怎么样就干吧

def showMaxFactor(num):
    count = num//2
    while count > 1:
        if num %count ==0:
            print("%d最大的约数是%d"%(num,count))
            break
        count -= 1
    else:
        print('%d是素数！'%num)

num  = int(input('请输入一个数：'))
showMaxFactor(num)

try:
  #  int('abc')
    int('123')
except ValueError as reason:
    print('出错啦'+str(reason))
else:
    print('没有任何异常')

# try:
#     f =open('data.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')
#     for each_line in f:
#         print(each_line)
# except OSError as reason:
#     print('出错啦'+str(reason))
# finally:
#     f.close()

try:
    with open('data.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for each_line in f:
            print(each_line)
except OSError as reason:
    print('出错啦'+str(reason))

P36 035图形用户界面入门：easygui1007

安装easygui

信了小甲鱼的‘鬼话’，以为要自己下载easygui，一看教程全部要在网上下载Python的工具包easygui-0.96或easygui-0.97，而这个工具包不是要fq到官网下载，就是要付费。。。既然白嫖当然要贯彻到底咯，在这里插入图片描述功夫不负穷孩子，终于找到了一个直接cmd安装的，操作超级简单网址拿走不谢

不过以防万一，附上我的所有骚操作，害怕疏漏,我是先安装的pycharm中的easygui最后直接命令行接着上面网址的输入pip，没有下载pip，就显示已有。
在这里插入图片描述就大功告成了，不知道有没有关系

pycharm中easygui安装的方法

file->settings->project:->project interpreter
右侧加号+
搜索 easygui,点击instal安装即可

import easygui as g
import sys

while 1:
    g.msgbox('hi，欢迎进入第一个界面小游戏')

    msg = '请问你希望在工作室学到什么知识呀？'
    title = '小游戏互动'
    choices = ['谈恋爱','编程','emm','琴棋书画']


    choice = g.choicebox(msg,title,choices)

    #note that we convert choice to string, in case
    #the user canceled the choice, and we got none.
    g.msgbox('你的选择是：'+str(choice),'结果')

    msg = '你希望重新开始小游戏吗'
    title = '请选择'



    if g.ccbox(msg,title):      #show a continue/cancel dialog
        pass    #user chose continue
    else:
        sys.exit(0)#user chose cancel

P37 036类和对象：给大家介绍对象1007

对象= 属性+方法

class Turtle:#python 中的类名约定以大写字母开头
  #  ===关于类的一个简单例子===
    #属性
    color = 'green'
    weight = 10
    legs = 4
    shell = True
    mouth = '大嘴'
    #方法
    def climb(self):
        print('我正在努力的向前爬')

    def run(self):
        print('我正在飞快的向前跑')

    def bite(self):
        print('咬死你')

    def eat(self):
        print('有的吃满足。。')

    def sleep(self):
        print('困了')



>>> import turtle
>>> tt = Turtle()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module>
    tt = Turtle()
NameError: name 'Turtle' is not defined
>>> tt = Turtle()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
    tt = Turtle()
NameError: name 'Turtle' is not defined
>>> Turtle()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
    Turtle()
NameError: name 'Turtle' is not defined
>>> Turtle().climb()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module>
    Turtle().climb()
NameError: name 'Turtle' is not defined
>>> import Turtle
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#5>", line 1, in <module>
    import Turtle
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Turtle'
>>> import turtle
>>> tt = turtle()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#7>", line 1, in <module>
    tt = turtle()
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
>>> 
=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy036.py ===
>>> tt = Turtle()
>>> Turtle()
<__main__.Turtle object at 0x00000210B04396A0>
>>> tt.climb()
我正在努力的向前爬
>>> tt.bite()
咬死你
>>> tt.sleep()
困了
>>>

我可能就是传说中的憨憨本人了，这个地方小甲鱼明明是运行了第一个Turtle()文件，我以为他是在交互页面，害，听课不积极，早晚出问题。在这里插入图片描述
继承

>>> list1=[2,1,3,5,7]
>>> list.sort()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#14>", line 1, in <module>
    list.sort()
TypeError: descriptor 'sort' of 'list' object needs an argument
>>> list1.sort()
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 5, 7]
>>> list1.append(9)
>>> liat1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    liat1
NameError: name 'liat1' is not defined
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> class Mylist(list):
	pass

>>> list2 = Mylist()
>>> list2.append(5)
>>> list2
[5]
>>> list2.append(2)
>>> list.sort()#排序
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#27>", line 1, in <module>
    list.sort()
TypeError: descriptor 'sort' of 'list' object needs an argument
>>> list2.sort()
>>> list2
[2, 5]

多态：不同对象对同一方法响应不同的行动

>>> class A:
	def fun(self):
		print('我是小啊')

		
>>> class B:
	def fun(self):
		print('我是小兵')

		
>>> a=A()
>>> b=B()
>>> a.fun()
我是小啊
>>> a.fun()
我是小啊
>>> b.fun()
我是小兵
>>>

P38 037类和对象：面向对象编程1008

self是什么？

>>> class Ball:
	def setName(self, name):
		self.name = name
	def kick(self):
		print("我叫%s,该死的，谁踢我"% self.name)

		
>>> a= Ball()
>>> a.setName('球a')
>>> a.kick()
我叫球a,该死的，谁踢我

__init__(self,param1,param2...)

>>> class Ball:
	def __init__(self,name):
		self.name = name
	def kick(self):
		print("我叫%s,该死的，谁踢我"% self.name)

		
>>> b=Ball('tomato')
>>> b.kick()
我叫tomato,该死的，谁踢我
>>> 

>>> class Person:
	name = '小甲鱼'

	
>>> p = Person()
>>> p,name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#75>", line 1, in <module>
    p,name
NameError: name 'name' is not defined
>>> p.name()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#76>", line 1, in <module>
    p.name()
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
>>> p.name
'小甲鱼'
>>> class Person:
	__name = '小甲鱼'#公有变私有

	
>>> p = Person()
>>> p.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#81>", line 1, in <module>
    p.name
AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'name'
>>> class Person:
	__name = '小甲鱼'
	def getName(self):
		return self._name#应该是双下划线

	
>>> p=Person()
>>> p.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#87>", line 1, in <module>
    p.name
AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'name'
>>> p.getName()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#88>", line 1, in <module>
    p.getName()
  File "<pyshell#85>", line 4, in getName
    return self._name
AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute '_name'
>>> class Person:
	__name = '小甲鱼'
	def getName(self):
		return self.__name

	
>>> p = Person()
>>> p.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#92>", line 1, in <module>
    p.name
AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'name'
>>> p.getName()
'小甲鱼'
>>> p._Person__name
'小甲鱼'

P39 038类和对象：继承1008

class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName):

import random as r

class Fish:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = r.randint(0,10)
        self.y = r.randint(0,10)


    def move(self):
        self.x -= 1
        print('我的位置是', self.x,self.y)

class Goldfish(Fish):
    pass
class Carp(Fish):
    pass
class Salmon(Fish):
    pass

class Shark(Fish):
    def __init__(self):
        self.hungry = True

    def eat(self):
        if self.hungry:
            print('吃货的梦想天天有的吃')
            self.hungry =False
        else:
            print('太撑了吃不下')


>>> fish = Fish()
>>> fish.move()
我的位置是 8 7
>>> fish.move()
我的位置是 7 7
>>> goldfish=Goldfish()
>>> goldfish.move()
我的位置是 6 4
>>> gildfish.move()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#118>", line 1, in <module>
    gildfish.move()
NameError: name 'gildfish' is not defined
>>> goldfish.move()
我的位置是 5 4
>>> shark = Shark()
>>> shark.eat()
吃货的梦想天天有的吃
>>> shark.eat()
太撑了吃不下
>>> shark.move()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#123>", line 1, in <module>
    shark.move()
  File "C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy038.py", line 10, in move
    self.x -= 1
AttributeError: 'Shark' object has no attribute 'x'
>>>

发现shark位置函数报错，原因是子类将父类函数覆盖了，改进方法：

import random as r

class Fish:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = r.randint(0,10)
        self.y = r.randint(0,10)


    def move(self):
        self.x -= 1
        print('我的位置是', self.x,self.y)

class Goldfish(Fish):
    pass
class Carp(Fish):
    pass
class Salmon(Fish):
    pass

class Shark(Fish):
    def __init__(self):
 #       Fish.__init__(self)
         super().__init__()
         self.hungry = True
        

    def eat(self):
        if self.hungry:
            print('吃货的梦想天天有的吃')
            self.hungry =False
        else:
            print('太撑了吃不下')

运行结果

=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy038.py ===
>>> shark = Shark()
>>> shark.move()
我的位置是 1 4
>>> Fish.__init__(shark)
>>> shark.move()
我的位置是 0 0
>>> Fish.__init__()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#128>", line 1, in <module>
    Fish.__init__()
TypeError: __init__() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
>>> 
=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy038.py ===
>>> shark = Shark()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#129>", line 1, in <module>
    shark = Shark()
  File "C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy038.py", line 23, in __init__
    super()>__init__()
NameError: name '__init__' is not defined
>>> 
=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy038.py ===
>>> shark = Shark()
>>> shark.move()

>>> class Base1:
	def fool(self):
		print("我是fool,我为Base1代言")

	
>>> class Base2:
	def foo2(self):
		print("我是foo2,我为Base2代言")

		
>>> class C(Base1,Base2):
	pass

>>> c=C()
>>> c.fool()
我是fool,我为Base1代言
>>> c.foo2()
我是foo2,我为Base2代言

P40 039类和对象：拾遗1008

组合

案例：

class Turtle:
    def __init__(self,x):
        self.num = x

class Fish:
    def __init__(self,x):
        self.num = x
class Pool:
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.turtle = Turtle(x)
        self.fish = Fish(y)

    def print_num(self):
        print("水池里总共有乌龟%d 只，鱼 %d 条"%(self.turtle.num,self.fish.num))

输出：

=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy039.py ===
>>> pool = Pool(1,10)
>>> pool.print_num()
水池里总共有乌龟1 只，鱼 10 条

类、类对象和实例对象

>>> class C:
	count = 0

	
>>> a=C()
>>> b=C()
>>> c=C()
>>> a.count
0
>>> b.count
0
>>> c.count
0
>>> c.count += 10
>>> c.count
10
>>> a.count
0
>>> b.count
0
>>> C.count
0
>>> C.count += 10
>>> a.count
10
>>> C.count = 100
>>> a.count
100
>>> b.count
100
>>> c.count
10
>>> class C:
	def x(self):
		print("X-man")

		
>>> c=C()
>>> c.x()
X-man
>>> c.x=1
>>> c.x
1
>>> c.x()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#174>", line 1, in <module>
    c.x()
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable 

>>> class BB:
	def printBB():
		print('no zuo no die')

		
>>> BB.printBB()
no zuo no die
>>> bb = BB()
>>> bb.printBB()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#181>", line 1, in <module>
    bb.printBB()
TypeError: printBB() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given
>>> class CC:
	def setXY(self, x, y):
		self.x = x
		self.y = y
	def printXY(self):
		print(self.x,self.y)

		
>>> dd = CC()
>>> dd.__dict__
{}
>>> CC.__dict__
mappingproxy({'__module__': '__main__', 'setXY': <function CC.setXY at 0x0000022AB8990510>, 'printXY': <function CC.printXY at 0x0000022AB8990598>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'CC' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'CC' objects>, '__doc__': None})
>>> dd.setXY(4,5)
>>> dd.__dict__
{'x': 4, 'y': 5}
>>> CC.__dict__
mappingproxy({'__module__': '__main__', 'setXY': <function CC.setXY at 0x0000022AB8990510>, 'printXY': <function CC.printXY at 0x0000022AB8990598>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'CC' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'CC' objects>, '__doc__': None})
>>> del CC
>>> ee = CC()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#196>", line 1, in <module>
    ee = CC()
NameError: name 'CC' is not defined
>>> dd.printXY()
4 5
>>>

P41 040类和对象：一些相关的BIF1008

#issubclass()


>>> class A:
	pass

>>> class B(A):
	pass

>>> issubclass(B,A)
True
>>> issubclass(B,B)
True
>>> issubclass(B,object)
True
>>> class C:
	pass

>>> issubclass(B,C)
False

#isinstance(object,classinfo)


>>> b1=B()
>>> isinstance(b1,B)
True
>>> isinstance(b1,A)
True
>>> isinstance(b1,C)
False
>>> isinstance(b1,(A,B,C))
True

#hasattr(object,name)用于判断对象是否包含对应的属性
>>> def __init__(self,x=0):
		self.x = x

		
>>> c1=C()
>>> hasattr(c1,x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#222>", line 1, in <module>
    hasattr(c1,x)
NameError: name 'x' is not defined
>>> hasattr(c1,'x')
True

#getattr(object,name[,default])
>>> getattr(c1,'x')
0
>>> getattr(c1,'y')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#225>", line 1, in <module>
    getattr(c1,'y')
AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'y'
>>> getattr(c1,'y','您所访问的属性不存在')
'您所访问的属性不存在'
#setattr(object,name,value)
#delattr(object,name)
>>> setattr(c1,'y','fishc')
>>> getattr(c1,'y','您所访问的属性不存在')
'fishc'
>>> delattr(c1,'y')
>>> 
>>> getattr(c1,'y','您所访问的属性不存在')
'您所访问的属性不存在'

>>> class C:
	def __init__(self,size = 10):
		self.size = size
	def getSize(self):
		return self.size
	def setSize(self,value):
		self.size = value
	def delSize(self):
		del self.size
	x = property(getSize,setSize,delSize)

	
>>> cl = C()
>>> c1.getSize()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#245>", line 1, in <module>
    c1.getSize()
AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'getSize'
>>> c1=C()
>>> c1.getSize()
10
>>> c1.x
10
>>> c1.x = 18
>>> c1.x
18
>>> c1.size
18
>>> c1.getSize()
18
>>> del c1.x
>>> c1.size
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#254>", line 1, in <module>
    c1.size
AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'size'
>>>

P42 041魔法方法：构造和析构1009

魔法方法总是被双下划线包围，例如__init__

#__init__(self[,...])

>>> class Rectangle:
	def __init__(self,x,y):
		self.x = x
		self.y = y
	def getPeri(self):
		return(self.x+self.y)*2
	def getArea(self):
		return self.x*self.y

	
>>> rect = Rectangle(3,4)
>>> rect.getPeri()
14
>>> 
>>> rect.getArea()
12
>>> class A:
	def __init__(self):
		return 'A for Acup'

	
>>> a=A()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#23>", line 1, in <module>
    a=A()
TypeError: __init__() should return None, not 'str'

#__new__(cls[,...])
>>> class CapStr(str):
	def __new__(cls,string):
		string = string.upper()
		return str.__new__(cls,string)

	
>>> a = CapStr('I love fish')
>>> a
'I LOVE FISH'

#__del__(self)
>>> class C:
	def __init__(self):
		print('i am __init__我被调用了')
	def __del__(self):
		print('i am __del__我被调用了')

		
>>> c1=C()
i am __init__我被调用了
>>> c2=c1
>>> c3=c2
>>> del c3
>>> del c2
>>> del c1
i am __del__我被调用了
>>>

P43 042魔法方法：算术运算1–1009

>>> type(len)
<class 'builtin_function_or_method'>
>>> type(dir)
<class 'builtin_function_or_method'>
>>> type(int)
<class 'type'>
>>> type(list)
<class 'type'>
>>> class C:
	pass

>>> type(C)
<class 'type'>
>>> a= int('123')
>>> a
123
>>> b=int('456')
>>> a+b
579
>>> class New_int(int):
	def __add__(self,other):
		return int.__sub__(self,other)
	def __sub__(self,other):
		return int.__add__(self,other)

	
>>> a = New_int(3)
>>> b=New_int(5)
>>> a+b
-2
>>> a-b
8
>>> class Try_int(int):
	def __add__(self,other):
		return self+other
	def __sub__(self,other)
	
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> class Try_int(int):
	def __add__(self,other):
		return self+other
	def __sub__(self,other):
		return self-other

	
>>> a = Try_int(3)
>>> b = Try_int(5)
>>> a+b
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#30>", line 1, in <module>
    a+b
  File "<pyshell#27>", line 3, in __add__
    return self+other
  File "<pyshell#27>", line 3, in __add__
    return self+other
  File "<pyshell#27>", line 3, in __add__
    return self+other
  [Previous line repeated 328 more times]
RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object
>>> class Try_int(int):
	def __add__(self,other):
		return int(self)+int(other)
	def __sub__(self,other):
		return int(self)-int(other)

	
>>> a = Try_int(3)
>>> b = Try_int(5)
>>> a+b
8
>>>

P44 043魔法方法：算数运算2–1010

>>> class int(int):
	def __add__(self,other):
		return int.__sub__(self,other)

	
>>> a = int('5')
>>> a
5
>>> b=int(3)
>>> a+b
2
>>> 
=============================== RESTART: Shell ===============================
>>> class Nint(int):
	def __radd__(self,other):
		return int.__sub__(self,other)

	
>>> a=Nint(5)
>>> b=Nint(3)
>>> a+b
8
>>> 1+b
2
>>> 
=============================== RESTART: Shell ===============================
>>> class Nint(int):
	def __rsub__(self,other):
		return int.__sub__(self,other)#注意次序

	
>>> a=Nint(5)
>>> 3-a#先返回self后是other所以变成了self-other
2

P45 044魔法方法：简单定制1010

案例：

import time as t

class MyTimer():
    def __init__(self):
        self.prompt = '未开始计时'
        self.lasted = []
        self.start = 0
        self.stop = 0
    def __str__(self):
        return self.prompt

    __repr__ = __str__
    #开始计时
    def start(self):
        self.start = t.localtime()
        print('计时开始')


    #停止计时
    def stop(self):
        self.stop = t.localtime()
        self._calc()
        print('计时结束 ')



    #内部方法计算运行时间
    def _calc(self):
        self.lasted = []
        self.prompt = '总共运行了'
        for index in range(6):
            self.lasted.append(self.stop[index] - self.start[index])
            self.prompt += str(self.lasted[index])

       # print(self.prompt)

结果：

=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36
=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy044.py ===
>>> t1 = MyTimer()
>>> t1
未开始计时
>>> t1.start()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#28>", line 1, in <module>
    t1.start()
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable#原因：将start进行初始化，默认为int型，进而属性覆盖方法

改进：

import time as t

class MyTimer():
    def __init__(self):
        self.prompt = '未开始计时'
        self.lasted = []
        self.begin = 0
        self.end = 0
    def __str__(self):
        return self.prompt

    __repr__ = __str__
    #开始计时
    def start(self):
        self.begin = t.localtime()
        print('计时开始')


    #停止计时
    def stop(self):
        self.end = t.localtime()
        self._calc()
        print('计时结束 ')



    #内部方法计算运行时间
    def _calc(self):
        self.lasted = []
        self.prompt = '总共运行了'
        for index in range(6):
            self.lasted.append(self.end[index] - self.begin[index])
            self.prompt += str(self.lasted[index])

       # print(self.prompt)

结果：

=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy044.py ===
>>> t1 = MyTimer()
>>> t1
未开始计时
>>> t1.start
<bound method MyTimer.start of 未开始计时>
>>> t1.start()
计时开始

import time as t

class MyTimer():
    def __init__(self):
        self.unit = ['年','月','天','小时','分钟','秒']
        self.prompt = '未开始计时'
        self.lasted = []
        self.begin = 0
        self.end = 0
    def __str__(self):
        return self.prompt

    __repr__ = __str__


    def __add__(self,other):
        prompt = "总共运行了"
        result =[]
        for index in range(6):
            result.append(self,lasted[index] +other.lasted[index])
            if result[index]:
                prompt += (str(result[index])+self.unit[index])
        return prompt
        
    
    #开始计时
    def start(self):
        self.begin = t.localtime()
        self.prompt = "提示：请先用stop（）停止计时"
        print('计时开始')


    #停止计时
    def stop(self):
        if not self.begin:
            print('请先调用start（）进行计时')
        else:
            self.end = t.localtime()
            self._calc()
            print('计时结束 ')



    #内部方法计算运行时间
    def _calc(self):
        self.lasted = []
        self.prompt = '总共运行了'
        for index in range(6):
            self.lasted.append(self.end[index] - self.begin[index])
            if self.lasted[index]:
                self.prompt += (str(self.lasted[index])+self.unit[index])

       # print(self.prompt)
       #为下一轮计时初始化变量
        self.begin = 0
        self.end = 0

运行：

=== RESTART: C:/Users/MR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/xjy044.py ===
>>> t1 = MyTimer()
>>> t1.stop()
请先调用start（）进行计时
>>> t1.start()
计时开始
>>> t1
提示：请先用stop（）停止计时
>>> t1.stop()
计时结束 
>>> t1
总共运行了1分钟-52秒

P46 045魔法方法：属性访问1011

>>> class C:
	def __init__(self):
		self.x ='x_man'

		
>>> c=C()
>>> c.x
'x_man'
>>> getattr(c,'x','无此属性')
'x_man'
>>> getattr(c,'y','无此属性')
'无此属性'


>>> class C():
	def __init__(self,size=10):
		self.size =size
	def getSize(self):
		return self.size
	def setSize(self,value):
		self.size = value
	def delSize(self):
		del self.size
	x=property(getSize,setSize,delSize)

	
>>> c=C()
>>> c.x=1
>>> c.x
1
>>> del c.size
>>> c.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#28>", line 1, in <module>
    c.x
  File "<pyshell#23>", line 5, in getSize
    return self.size
AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'size'

>>> class C:
	def __getattribute__(self,name):
		print("getattribute")
		return super().__getattribute__(name)
	def __getattr__(self,name):
		print("getattr")
	def __setattr__(self,name,value):
		print("setattr")
		return super().__setattr__(name,value)
	def __delattr__(self,name):
		print("delattr")
		super().__delattr__(name)

		
>>> c=C()
>>> c.x
getattribute
getattr
>>> c.x=1
setattr
>>> c.x
getattribute
1
>>> del c.x
delattr

案例：

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self,width=0,height=0):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height

    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        if key == 'square':
            self.width = value
            self.height = value
        else:
            'super().__setattr__(key,value)'
            self.__dict__[key] = value

    def getArea(self):
        return self.width * self.height

输出：

>>> r1=Rectangle(4,5)
>>> r1.getArea()
20
>>> r1.square = 10
>>> r1.width
10
>>> r1.height
10
>>> r1.getArea()
100

P47 046魔法方法：描述符1024

P42# P42

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024递归：汉诺塔20201005 def hanoi(n,x,y,z): if n == 1: print(x,'-->',z) else: hanoi(n-1,x,z,y)#将前n-1个盘子从x移到y上 print(x,'-->',z)#将最底下的盘子从x移到z上 hanoi(n-1,y,x,z)#将y上n-1个盘子移到z上 n = int(input('请输入汉诺塔的层数：')) hanoi(n,'X','Y'
Python文件读写 小甲鱼学Python028文件：因为懂你，所以永恒20201005
rygygv的博客
10-05 192
文件读取小甲鱼原教学视频 小甲鱼原教学视频 >>> f = open('E:\\record.txt') >>> f <_io.TextIOWrapper name='E:\\record.txt' mode='r' encoding='cp936'> >>> f.read() '' >>> f.read() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#3&
python 和pycharm安装
rygygv的博客
03-21 150
pycharm安装opencv安装python第一步：python安装第二步 安装pycharm编译器运行pycharm如何插入一段漂亮的代码片生成一个适合你的列表创建一个表格设定内容居中、居左、居右SmartyPants创建一个自定义列表如何创建一个注脚注释也是必不可少的KaTeX数学公式新的甘特图功能，丰富你的文章UML 图表FLowchart流程图导出与导入导出导入 安装python 小白入...
python用户登录注册 文件读写 指针运用
rygygv的博客
12-07 146
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from os.path import isfile class User: def __init__(self, username, passwd, file_info): self.user = username self.pwd = passwd self.file_db = file_info def file_oper(file, mode, *args): if
Python问题定位：TabError: Inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation
rygygv的博客
10-05 107
这个错误是将tab键作缩进造成的，因为在python不像C/C++里用大括号来区分程序块，而是用缩进, 所以缩进很重要，不过你要是一样倒腾到没脾气可以直接将IDLE代码cv到pycharm里，一遍过，真香
P24 023递归：这帮小兔崽子
rygygv的博客
10-05 69
小甲鱼PythonP24 023递归：这帮小兔崽子 P24 023递归：这帮小兔崽子 # def fab(n): # n1 = 1 # n2 = 1 # n3 = 1 # # if n < 1: # print('输入有误！') # return -1 # # while(n-2)>0: # n3 = n2 + n1 # n1 = n2 # n2 = n3 #
pyzmq-25.1.1b2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl
最新发布
06-13
Python库是一组预先编写的代码模块，旨在帮助开发者实现特定的编程任务，无需从零开始编写代码。这些库可以包括各种功能，如数学运算、文件操作、数据分析和网络编程等。Python社区提供了大量的第三方库，如NumPy、Pandas和Requests，极大地丰富了Python的应用领域，从数据科学到Web开发。Python库的丰富性是Python成为最受欢迎的编程语言之一的关键原因之一。这些库不仅为初学者提供了快速入门的途径，而且为经验丰富的开发者提供了强大的工具，以高效率、高质量地完成复杂任务。例如，Matplotlib和Seaborn库在数据可视化领域内非常受欢迎，它们提供了广泛的工具和技术，可以创建高度定制化的图表和图形，帮助数据科学家和分析师在数据探索和结果展示中更有效地传达信息。
wireshark安装教程入门.md
06-13
附件是wireshark安装教程，文件绿色安全，请大家放心下载，仅供交流学习使用，无任何商业目的！
grpcio-1.3.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
06-13
Python库是一组预先编写的代码模块，旨在帮助开发者实现特定的编程任务，无需从零开始编写代码。这些库可以包括各种功能，如数学运算、文件操作、数据分析和网络编程等。Python社区提供了大量的第三方库，如NumPy、Pandas和Requests，极大地丰富了Python的应用领域，从数据科学到Web开发。Python库的丰富性是Python成为最受欢迎的编程语言之一的关键原因之一。这些库不仅为初学者提供了快速入门的途径，而且为经验丰富的开发者提供了强大的工具，以高效率、高质量地完成复杂任务。例如，Matplotlib和Seaborn库在数据可视化领域内非常受欢迎，它们提供了广泛的工具和技术，可以创建高度定制化的图表和图形，帮助数据科学家和分析师在数据探索和结果展示中更有效地传达信息。
Werkzeug-0.12.1.tar.gz
06-13
Python库是一组预先编写的代码模块，旨在帮助开发者实现特定的编程任务，无需从零开始编写代码。这些库可以包括各种功能，如数学运算、文件操作、数据分析和网络编程等。Python社区提供了大量的第三方库，如NumPy、Pandas和Requests，极大地丰富了Python的应用领域，从数据科学到Web开发。Python库的丰富性是Python成为最受欢迎的编程语言之一的关键原因之一。这些库不仅为初学者提供了快速入门的途径，而且为经验丰富的开发者提供了强大的工具，以高效率、高质量地完成复杂任务。例如，Matplotlib和Seaborn库在数据可视化领域内非常受欢迎，它们提供了广泛的工具和技术，可以创建高度定制化的图表和图形，帮助数据科学家和分析师在数据探索和结果展示中更有效地传达信息。
Delphi 12控件之FMSoft-UniGUI-1.90.0.1567-Downloadly.ir.rar
06-13
FMSoft_UniGUI_1.90.0.1567_Downloadly.ir.rar
python2字典中，如何根据key取出value?字典为：{'tomcat85linux': '/', 'xconfig': '/bin/xconfig-server/config', 'sac': '/bin/web', 'activemq514linux': '/bin/linux-x86-64', 'rabbitmq': '/bin/rabbitmq-auth/config', 'ls': '/script/license', 'xresmgr': '/bin/xresmgr-rms/config', 'loganalysis': '/bin/loges', 'xjob': '/bin/xjob-server/config', 'xdictionary': '/bin/xdictionary-dds/config'}
06-02
可以使用字典的get()方法根据key取出value，如下所示： ``` my_dict = {'tomcat85linux': '/', 'xconfig': '/bin/xconfig-server/config', 'sac': '/bin/web', 'activemq514linux': '/bin/linux-x86-64', 'rabbitmq...

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