Golang入门学习（四）：常用的函数汇总

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2.4 常用的内置函数

2.4.1 字符串常用内置函数

• https://golang.org/pkg/strings/

• https://golang.org/pkg/strconv/

• 统计字符串长度的函数：len(str)

• 字符串遍历，同时处理有中文的问题：r:=[]rune(str)

• 字符串转整数：strconv(str), strconv.ParseInt()

  func strconvDemo() {
  	v := "10"
  	if s, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil {
  		fmt.Printf("%T, %v", s, s)
  	}
  }
  

• 整数转字符串：strconv(str)

  func strItoa(){
  	i := 10
  	s := strconv.Itoa(i)
  	fmt.Printf("%T, %v\n", s, s)
  }
  

• 字符串转成byte切片：bytes := []byte("asdfgh"))

• byte切片转换成字符串: str4 := string([]byte{67, 68, 69, 70, 72})

• 10进制数转换为其他进制数(转换后为字符串类型): str = strconv.FromatInt(123, 2)

  func ten2others(){
  	s10 := strconv.FormatInt(v2, 10)
  	fmt.Printf("%T, %v\n", s10, s10)
  
  	s16 := strconv.FormatInt(v2, 16)
  	fmt.Printf("%T, %v\n", s16, s16)
  }
  

• 查找字符串中是否包含指定字符串： strings.Contains("seafood","food")

• 统计字符串中子字符串的个数： strings.Count("aaaaaaa","a")

• 忽略大小写的字符串比较函数： strings.EqualFold("Chinese","chinese")

• 查找子字符串第一次出现的位置：strings.Index("stringsGolang","lang")

• 查找子字符串最后一次出现的位置：strings.LastIndex("stringsGolang","lang")

• 替换指定字符串: strings.Replace("Go Go Go", "Go", "Golang", 1)

• 按指定字符分割字符串: strings.Split("Hello 北京 成都 上海 深圳", " ")

• 字符串大小写转换: strings.ToLower、strings.ToUpper

• 去除字符串左右两端的指定字符(无法去除字符串内部的字符)：strings.Trim(" aaaaaaaaaC__", " _")

• 判断一个字符串是否以指定字符串开头: func HasPrefix(s, prefix string) bool

• 判断一个字符串是否以指定字符串结尾：func HasSuffix(s, suffix string) bool

2.4.2 常用的时间和日期相关函数

• https://golang.org/pkg/time/

• 时间、日期相关函数需要导入time包

• 获取当前时间：

  func getTime(){
  	//1. 获取当前时间
  	now := time.Now()
  	fmt.Printf("Now = %v  Type=%T", now, now)
  	//Now = 2021-02-23 16:14:42.0211031 +0800 CST m=+0.000997301  Type=time.Time
  }
  

• 获取当前时间的详细信息：

  func detail(){
  	//2.获取年月日时分秒
  	now := time.Now()
  	fmt.Printf("年=%v\n", now.Year())
  	fmt.Printf("月=%v\n", now.Month())
  	fmt.Printf("日=%v\n", int(now.Day()))
  	fmt.Printf("时=%v\n", now.Hour())
  	fmt.Printf("分=%v\n", now.Minute())
  	fmt.Printf("秒=%v\n", now.Second())
  }
  

• 格式化时间格式：(format的字符串数值是固定的，必须是2006/01/02 15:04:05)

  func timeFormat(){
  	now := time.Now()
  	fmt.Println(now.Format("2006/01/02 15:04:05"))
  	fmt.Println(now.Format("2006-01-02"))
  	fmt.Println(now.Format("15:04:05"))
  }
  

• 时间常量：

  const (
  	Nanosecond  Duration = 1
  	Microsecond          = 1000 * Nanosecond
  	Millisecond          = 1000 * Microsecond
  	Second               = 1000 * Millisecond
  	Minute               = 60 * Second
  	Hour                 = 60 * Minute
  )
  const (
  	ANSIC       = "Mon Jan _2 15:04:05 2006"
  	UnixDate    = "Mon Jan _2 15:04:05 MST 2006"
  	RubyDate    = "Mon Jan 02 15:04:05 -0700 2006"
  	RFC822      = "02 Jan 06 15:04 MST"
  	RFC822Z     = "02 Jan 06 15:04 -0700" // RFC822 with numeric zone
  	RFC850      = "Monday, 02-Jan-06 15:04:05 MST"
  	RFC1123     = "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST"
  	RFC1123Z    = "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" // RFC1123 with numeric zone
  	RFC3339     = "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"
  	RFC3339Nano = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z07:00"
  	Kitchen     = "3:04PM"
  	// Handy time stamps.
  	Stamp      = "Jan _2 15:04:05"
  	StampMilli = "Jan _2 15:04:05.000"
  	StampMicro = "Jan _2 15:04:05.000000"
  	StampNano  = "Jan _2 15:04:05.000000000"
  )
  

• 结合sleep来使用时间常量

  func sleepDemo(){
  	for {
  		fmt.Println(time.Now().Second())
  		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
  	}
  }
  

• 获取当前unix时间戳

  func getUnixTime(){
  	fmt.Println(time.Now().Unix())
  	fmt.Println(time.Now().UnixNano())
  }
  

2.4.3 内置函数

• https://golang.org/pkg/builtin/ /内建函数/

• len(): 获取字符串长度的函数:

• new(): 用来分配内存，主要用来分配值类型，如int, float64,

• make(): 用来分配内存，主要分配引用类型的内存, 如切片，channel, map等

func main() {
	num1 := 100
	fmt.Printf("num1的类型为：%T， num1的值为：%d, num1的地址为：%p\n", num1, num1, &num1)

	num2 := new(int) /*new的返回值是一个指针*/
	fmt.Printf("num2的类型为：%T， num2的值为：%d, num2的地址为：%p\n", num2, *num2, &num2)
}