[STL] lower_bound和upper_bound实现

equal_range：[lower_bound, upper_bound)

	// first && >= target
	
    int lower_bound(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int lo = 0, hi = nums.size() - 1;
        // lo：lo左侧的值，均<target；
       // hi：hi右侧的值，均>=target；
       
        while (lo <= hi) {
            int mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] < target) {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else { // nums[mid] >= target
                hi = mid - 1;	// mid - 1 !!
            }
        }
        
        return lo;
    }

	// first && > target
	
    int upper_bound(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int lo = 0, hi = nums.size() - 1;
        // lo：lo左侧的值，均<=target；
       // hi：hi右侧的值，均>target；
               
        while (lo <= hi) {
            int mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] <= target) {
                lo = mid + 1;
            } else { // nums[mid] > target
                hi = mid - 1;		// mid - 1 !!
            }
        }
        
        return lo;
    }