C++ Primer Plus第四章编程练习答案

答案仅供参考，实际运行效果取决于运行平台和运行软件

1.编写一个C++程序，如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息

What is your first name? Betty Sue
What is your last name? Yewe
What letter grade do you deserve? B
What is your age? 22
Name: Yewe，Betty Sue
Grade: C
Age: 22
注意，该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外，程序将向下调整成绩，即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求 A、B 或 C，所以不必担心 D和F之间的空档。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int age;
    char grade;
    string fname, lname;

    cout << "What is your first name? ";
    getline(cin, fname);
    cout << "What is your last name? ";
    getline(cin, lname);
    cout << "What letter grade do you deserve? ";
    cin >> grade;
    cout << "What is your age? ";
    cin >> age;

    cout << "Name: " << lname << ", " << fname << endl;
    cout << "Grade: " << ++grade << endl;
    cout << "Age: " << age << endl;

    return 0;
}

2.修改程序清单4.4，使用 C++ tring 类而不是char 数组

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string name, dessert;

    cout << "Enter your name:\n";
    getline(cin, name);
    cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
    getline(cin, dessert);
    cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
    cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";

    return 0;
}

3，编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓:然后程序使用一个过号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用 char 数组和头文件 cstring 中的两数，下面是该程序运行时的情形:
Enter your fixet name: Fiip
Enter your last mane: Flaming
Here's the information in a single string: Fleming，Flip

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const int ArSize = 20;
    char fname[ArSize];
    char lname[ArSize];

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    cin.getline(fname, ArSize);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    cin.getline(lname, ArSize);

    char *name = new char[strlen(fname) + strlen(lname) + 5];
    strcpy(name, lname);
    strcat(name, ", ");
    strcat(name, fname);

    cout << "Here's the information in a single string: ";
    cout << name << endl;
    delete[] name;

    return 0;
}

4.编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，再输入其姓，然后程序使用一个这号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用 string 对象和头文件 string 中的数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:
Enter your first name: Fiip
Enter your last nane: Fleming
Here's the information in a gingle string: Pleming，Plip5.结构 CandyBar 包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌:第二个成员存储糖块的重量(可以有小数):第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量(整数)。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string fname, lname;

    cout << "Enter your first name: ";
    getline(cin, fname);
    cout << "Enter your last name: ";
    getline(cin, lname);

    lname += ", " + fname;
    cout << "Here's the information in a single string: ";
    cout << lname << endl;

    return 0;
}

5.请编写一个程序，声明这个结构，创建一个名为snack 的 CandyBar 变量，并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”、23 和 350初始化应在声明 snack时进行。最后，程序显示 smack 变量的内容。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
    string brand;
    double candy_weight;
    int candy_calorie;
};

int main()
{
    CandyBar snack = {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350};

    cout << "Brand : " << snack.brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack.candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack.candy_calorie << endl;

    return 0;
}

6.结构 CandyBar 包含3 个成员，如编程练习 5 所示请编写一个程序，创建一个包含 3 个元素的CandyBar 数组，并将它们初始化为所选择的值，然后显示每个结构的内容。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
    string brand;
    double candy_weight;
    int candy_calorie;
};

int main()
{
    CandyBar snack[3] =
    {
        {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350},
        {"Mooncake", 3.5, 369},
        {"Birthdaycake", 6.8, 460}
    };

    cout << "The first candy:" << endl;
    cout << "Brand: " << snack[0].brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack[0].candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack[0].candy_calorie << endl;

    cout << "\nThe second candy:" << endl;
    cout << "Brand: " << snack[1].brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack[1].candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack[1].candy_calorie << endl;

    cout << "\nThe third candy:" << endl;
    cout << "Brand: " << snack[2].brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack[2].candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack[2].candy_calorie << endl;

    return 0;
}

7.William Wingate 从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息:
披萨饼公司的名称，可以有多个单词组成。
披萨饼的直径
披萨饼的重量
请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构，并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。请使用 cin《或它的方法)和 cout。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza
{
    string pizza_company;
    double pizza_diameter;
    double pizza_weight;
};

int main()
{
    Pizza snack;

    cout << "Please enter the name of the Pizza Company: ";
    getline(cin, snack.pizza_company);
    cout << "Please enter the diameter of the pizza: ";
    cin >> snack.pizza_diameter;
    cout << "Please enter the weight of the pizza: ";
    cin >> snack.pizza_weight;

    cout << "The name of the Pizza Company: " << snack.pizza_company << endl;
    cout << "The diameter of the Pizza Company: " << snack.pizza_diameter << endl;
    cout << "The weight of the Pizza Company: " << snack.pizza_weight << endl;

    return 0;
}

8.完成编程练习 7，但使用 new 来为结构分配内存，而不是声明一个结构变量。另外，让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司名称之前输入比萨饼的直径。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Pizza
{
    string pizza_company;
    double pizza_diameter;
    double pizza_weight;
};

int main()
{
    Pizza *snack = new Pizza;

    cout << "Please enter the diameter of the pizza: ";
    (cin >> snack->pizza_diameter).get();
    cout << "Please enter the name of the Pizza Company: ";
    getline(cin, snack->pizza_company);
    cout << "Please enter the weight of the pizza: ";
    cin >> snack->pizza_weight;

    cout << "The name of the Pizza Company: " << snack->pizza_company << endl;
    cout << "The diameter of the Pizza Company: " << snack->pizza_diameter << endl;
    cout << "The weight of the Pizza Company: " << snack->pizza_weight << endl;
    delete snack;

    return 0;
}

9.完成编程练习 6，但使用 new 来动态分配数组，而不是声明一个包含 3 个元素的 CandyBar 数组

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
    string brand;
    double candy_weight;
    int candy_calorie;
};

int main()
{
    CandyBar *snack = new CandyBar[3];

    snack[0] = {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350};
    snack[1] = {"Mooncake", 3.5, 369};
    snack[2] = {"Birthdaycake", 6.8, 460};

    cout << "The first candy:" << endl;
    cout << "Brand: " << snack[0].brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack[0].candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack[0].candy_calorie << endl;

    cout << "\nThe second candy:" << endl;
    cout << "Brand: " << snack[1].brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack[1].candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack[1].candy_calorie << endl;

    cout << "\nThe third candy:" << endl;
    cout << "Brand: " << snack[2].brand << endl;
    cout << "Candy_weight: " << snack[2].candy_weight << endl;
    cout << "Candy_calorie: " << snack[2].candy_calorie << endl;
    delete[] snack;

    return 0;
}

10.编写一个程序，让用户输入三次 40 码跑的成绩(如果您愿意，也可让用户输入 40 米的成绩).并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个 ray 对象来存储数据(如果编译器不支持 ray 类，请使用数组)

#include <iostream>
#include <array>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    array<double, 3> scores;

    cout << "Please enter your the results of the first 40 meter race: ";
    cin >> scores[0];
    cout << "Please enter your the results of the second 40 meter race: ";
    cin >> scores[1];
    cout << "Please enter your the results of the third 40 meter race: ";
    cin >> scores[2];

    cout << "You ran three times in total." << endl;
    cout << "Your average score is ";
    cout << (scores[0] + scores[1] + scores[2]) / 3.0;
    cout << "." << endl;

    return 0;
}