1.编写一个程序，不断要求用户输入两个数，直到其中的一个为 0。对于每两个数，程序将使用一个南数来计算它们的调和平均数，并将结果返回给 main()，而后者将报告结果。调和平均数指的是倒数平均值的倒数，计算公式如下:
调和平均数=2.0*xy/(x + y)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double harmonic_mean(double x, double y);
int main()
{
double a, b;
cout << "Please enter two numbers (0 to quit): ";
while (cin >> a >> b && a && b)
{
cout << "The harmonic mean of " << a;
cout << " and " << b << " is ";
cout << harmonic_mean(a, b) << endl;
cout << "Next two numbers (0 to quit): ";
}
cout << "Bye." << endl;
return 0;
}
double harmonic_mean(double x, double y)
{
return 2.0 * x * y / (x + y);
}
2.编写一个程序，要求用户输入最多 10 个高尔夫成绩，并将其存储在一个数组中。程序允许用户提早结束输入，并在一行上显示所有成绩，然后报告平均成绩。请使用 3 个数组处理函数来分别进行输入、显示和计算平均成绩。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int initialize_array(double arr[], int n);
void show_array(const double arr[], int n);
void count_average(const double arr[], int n);
const int ArSize = 10;
int main()
{
double golf[ArSize];
int n = initialize_array(golf, ArSize);
show_array(golf, n);
count_average(golf, n);
cout << "Bye." << endl;
return 0;
}
int initialize_array(double arr[], int n)
{
int i = 0;
cout << "You can enter up to " << ArSize;
cout << " golf scores (q to terminate)." << endl;
cout << "Golf scores #1: ";
while (i < n && cin >> arr[i])
{
if (++i < ArSize)
{
cout << "Golf scores #" << i + 1 << ": ";
}
}
return i;
}
void show_array(const double arr[], int n)
{
cout << "All golf scores:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << ' ';
}
cout.put('\n');
}
void count_average(const double arr[], int n)
{
double aver = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
aver += arr[i];
}
aver /= n;
cout << "Average golf scores: " << aver << endl;
}
3，下面是一个结构声明:
struct box
char maker1401 :
float heighti
float width;
float length;
float volumei
a.编写一个函数，按值传递 box 结构，并显示每个成员的值。
b.编写一个函数，传递box 结构的地址，并将 volume 成员设置为其他三维长度的乘积
c.编写一个使用这两个函数的简单程序。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct box
{
char maker[40];
float height;
float width;
float length;
float volume;
};
void value_show_box(box temp);
void address_show_box(box *temp);
int main()
{
box smallbox = {"Cute box", 20, 10, 30, 50};
value_show_box(smallbox);
address_show_box(&smallbox);
value_show_box(smallbox);
return 0;
}
void value_show_box(box temp)
{
cout << "Box informations: " << endl;
cout << "Name: " << temp.maker << endl;
cout << "height: " << temp.height << endl;
cout << "width: " << temp.width << endl;
cout << "length: " << temp.length << endl;
cout << "volume: " << temp.volume << endl;
}
void address_show_box(box *temp)
{
temp->volume = temp->height * temp->width * temp->length;
}
4.许多州的彩票发行机构都使用如程序清单 7.4 所示的简单彩票玩法的变体。在这些玩法中，玩家从维被称为域号码(ficld number)的号码中选择几个。例如，可以从域号码147中选择5个号码还可以从第二个区间(如127)选择一个号码(称为特选号码)。要赢得头奖，必须正确猜中所有的号码。中头奖的儿率是选中所有域号码的几率与选中特选号码几率的乘积。例如，在这个例子中，中头奖的儿率是从47个号码中正确选取5个号码的几率与从27 个号码中正确选择1个号码的儿率的乘请修改序清单7.4，以计算中得这种彩票头奖的几率。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks);
int main()
{
unsigned total, choices, temp;
cout << "Enter the total number of choices on the game card and\n";
cout << "the number of picks allowed and the second section(<= total number):" << endl;
while ((cin >> total >> choices >> temp) && choices <= total && temp <= total)
{
cout << "You have one chance in ";
cout << probability(total, choices) * probability(temp, 1);
cout << " of winning.\n";
cout << "Next three numbers (q to quit): ";
}
cout << "bye\n";
return 0;
}
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks)
{
long double result = 1.0;
long double n;
unsigned p;
for (n = numbers, p = picks; p > 0; n--, p--)
{
result *= n / p;
}
return result;
}
5.定义一个递归函数，接受一个整数参数，并返回该参数的阶乘。前面讲过，3 的阶乘写作 3!，等于3*2!，依此类推:而0!被定义为1用的计算公式是如果大于零，则nl=n(n-)。在程序中对该函数进行测试，程序使用循环让用户输入不同的值，程序将报告这些值的阶乘。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
long double factorial(long double n);
int main()
{
long double temp;
cout << "Please enter a number(<0 or q to quit): ";
while (cin >> temp && temp >= 0)
{
cout << temp << "! = " << factorial(temp) << endl;
cout << "Next number(<0 or q to quit): ";
}
cout << "Bye." << endl;
return 0;
}
long double factorial(long double n)
{
return n ? n * factorial(n - 1) : 1;
}
6.编写一个程序，它使用下列函数:
Fill_array()将一个 double 数组的名称和长度作为参数它提示用户输入 double 值，并将这些值存储到数组中。当数组被填满或用户输入了非数字时，输入将停止，并返回实际输入了多少个数字。Show_array()将一个 double 数组的名称和长度作为参数，并显示该数组的内容。Reversc-array()将一个 double 数组的名称和长度作为参数，并将存储在数组中的值的顺序反转程序将使用这些函数来填充数组，然后显示数组:反转数组，然后显示数组:反转数组中除第一个和
最后一个元素之外的所有元素，然后显示数组。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int Fill_array(double arr[], int n);
void Show_array(const double arr[], int n);
void Reverse_array(double arr[], int n);
const int ArSize = 10;
int main()
{
double arr[ArSize];
int n = Fill_array(arr, ArSize);
Show_array(arr, n);
Reverse_array(arr, n);
Show_array(arr, n);
Reverse_array(arr, n);
Reverse_array(arr + 1, n - 2);
Show_array(arr, n);
cout << "Bye." << endl;
return 0;
}
int Fill_array(double arr[], int n)
{
int i = 0;
cout << "You can enter up to " << ArSize;
cout << " numbers (q to terminate)." << endl;
cout << "Number #1: ";
while (i < n && cin >> arr[i])
{
if (++i < ArSize)
{
cout << "Number #" << i + 1 << ": ";
}
}
return i;
}
void Show_array(const double arr[], int n)
{
cout << "All numbers:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << ' ';
}
cout.put('\n');
}
void Reverse_array(double arr[], int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++)
{
double temp = arr[n - 1 - i];
arr[n - 1 - i] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
}
7.修改程序清单 7.7 中的 3 个数组处理函数，使之使用两个指针参数来表示区间f aay()函数不返回实际读取了多少个数字，而是返回一个指针，该指针指向最后被填充的位置:其他的函数可以将该指针作为第二个参数，以标识数据结尾。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int Max = 5;
double *fill_array(double *begin, double *end);
void show_array(const double *begin, double *end);
void revalue(double r, double *begin, double *end);
int main()
{
double properties[Max];
double *size = fill_array(properties, properties + Max);
show_array(properties, size);
if (size - properties > 0)
{
cout << "Enter revaluation factor: ";
double factor;
while (!(cin >> factor))
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad input; Please enter a number: ";
}
revalue(factor, properties, size);
show_array(properties, size);
}
cout << "Done.\n";
return 0;
}
double *fill_array(double *begin, double *end)
{
int i;
double temp;
double *ptr;
for (i = 0, ptr = begin; ptr < end; i++, ptr++)
{
cout << "Enter value #" << (i + 1) << ": ";
cin >> temp;
if (!cin)
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad input; input process terminated.\n";
break;
}
else if (temp < 0)
{
break;
}
*ptr = temp;
}
return begin + i;
}
void show_array(const double *begin, double *end)
{
int i;
const double *ptr;
for (i = 0, ptr = begin; ptr < end; i++, ptr++)
{
cout << "Property #" << (i + 1) << ": $";
cout << *ptr << endl;
}
}
void revalue(double r, double *begin, double *end)
{
for (double *pos = begin; pos < end; pos++)
{
*pos *= r;
}
}
8.在不使用 array 类的情况下完成程序清单 7.15 所做的工作。编写两个这样的版本a，使用const char*数组存储表示季度名称的字符串，并使用 double 数组存储开支。b.使用 const char *数组存储表示季度名称的字符串，并使用一个结构，该结构只有一个成员一个用于存储开支的 double 数组。这种设计与使用array类的基本设计类似
#include <iostream>
const int Seasons = 4;
const char *Snames[Seasons] = {"Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"};
void fill(double pa[], int n);
void show(const double pa[], int n);
int main()
{
double expenses[Seasons];
fill(expenses, Seasons);
show(expenses, Seasons);
return 0;
}
void fill(double pa[], int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
std::cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
std::cin >> pa[i];
}
}
void show(const double pa[], int n)
{
double total = 0.0;
std::cout << "EXPENSES\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
std::cout << Snames[i] << ": $" << pa[i] << '\n';
total += pa[i];
}
std::cout << "Total: $" << total << '\n';
}
#include <iostream>
const int Seasons = 4;
const char *Snames[Seasons] = {"Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"};
struct spending
{
double expenses[Seasons];
};
void fill(spending *temp);
void show(spending *temp);
int main()
{
spending temp;
fill(&temp);
show(&temp);
return 0;
}
void fill(spending *temp)
{
for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++)
{
std::cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
std::cin >> temp->expenses[i];
}
}
void show(spending *temp)
{
double total = 0.0;
std::cout << "EXPENSES\n";
for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++)
{
std::cout << Snames[i] << ": $" << temp->expenses[i] << '\n';
total += temp->expenses[i];
}
std::cout << "Total: $" << total << '\n';
}
9.这个练习让您编写处理数组和结构的函数。下面是程序的框架，请提供其中描述的函数，以完成该程序。
include ciostream>
using namespace std;
const int SLEN = 30:
struct student
char fullnamelSLEN]
char hobby[SLEN] ;
int ooplevel;
// getinfol) has two arguments: a pointer to the first element of// an array of student structures and an int representing the// number of elements of the array. The function solicits and// stores data about students, It terminates input upon filling// the array or upon encountering a blank line for the student// name. The function returns the actual number of array elements/filled.
int getinfo(student pa[], int n);
// displayi() takes a student structure as an argument// and displays its contentsvoid displayl(student st);
// display21) takes the address of student structure as an// argument and displays the structure's contentswoid display2(const student * ps]:
// display3() takes the address of the first element of an array// of student structures and the number of array elements as// arguments and displays the contents of the structuresvoid display3(const student pa[].int n];
int wain(l
cout es "Enter class size:“;
int class size?
cin >> class size;while (cin.get() !=rn')
continuei
student * ptr_stu = new student [class size];int entered = getinfoiptr atu,class size]ifor (int i m 0;i c entered, i++]
display(ptrstu[il);display2(5ptrstu[il);
display3(ptr_stu,entered);delete [] ptr stu;cout << “Done\n”;
return 0;
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int SLEN = 30;
struct student
{
char fullname[SLEN];
char hobby[SLEN];
int ooplevel;
};
int getinfo(student pa[], int n);
void display1(student st);
void display2(const student *ps);
void display3(const student pa[], int n);
int main()
{
cout << "Enter class size: ";
int class_size;
cin >> class_size;
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
student *ptr_stu = new student[class_size];
int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
for (int i = 0; i < entered; i++)
{
display1(ptr_stu[i]);
display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
}
display3(ptr_stu, entered);
delete[] ptr_stu;
cout << "Done\n";
return 0;
}
int getinfo(student pa[], int n)
{
int i;
cout << "You can enter up to " << n;
cout << " students' messages (enter to terminate)." << endl;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "Student #" << i + 1 << ": " << endl;
cout << "Enter the fullname(a blank line to quit): ";
cin.getline(pa[i].fullname, SLEN);
if ('\0' == pa[i].fullname[0]) //题目要求空行结束输入;
{
break;
}
cout << "Enter the hobby: ";
cin.getline(pa[i].hobby, SLEN);
cout << "Enter the ooplevel: ";
while (!(cin >> pa[i].ooplevel))
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Please enter an number: ";
}
cin.get(); //吸收正确输入时的换行符;
}
return i;
}
void display1(student st)
{
cout << "\nName: " << st.fullname << endl;
cout << "Hobby: " << st.hobby << endl;
cout << "Ooplevel: " << st.ooplevel << endl;
}
void display2(const student *ps)
{
cout << "\nName: " << ps->fullname << endl;
cout << "Hobby: " << ps->hobby << endl;
cout << "Ooplevel: " << ps->ooplevel << endl;
}
void display3(const student pa[], int n)
{
if (n > 0)
{
cout << "\nAll students' information:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "Name: " << pa[i].fullname << endl;
cout << "Hobby: " << pa[i].hobby << endl;
cout << "Ooplevel: " << pa[i].ooplevel << endl;
}
}
}
10.设计一个名为 calculate()的函数，它接受两个 double 值和一个指向数的指针，而被指向的函数接受两个 double 参数，并返回一个 double 值calculate()函数的类型也是 doublc，并返回被指向的函数使用calculate()的两个 double 参数计算得到的值。例如，假设add()函数的定义如下:double add(double x,double y)
return X + y;
则下述代码中的函数调用将导致 calculate()把 2.5 和 10.4 传给 add()数，并返 add()的返回值(12.9):
double q = calculate(2.5，10.4，add);
请编写一个程序，它调用上述两个函数和至少另一个与 add()类似的函数。该程序使用循环来让用户成对地输入数字。对于每对数字，程序都使用 calculate()来调用 add()和至少一个其他的函数。如果读者爱冒险，可以尝试创建一个指针数组，其中的指针指向 add( )样式的函数，并编写一个循环，使用这些指针连续让 calculate()调用这些函数。提示:下面是声明这种指针数组的方式，其中包含三个指针:double (*pf [3](double，double);
可以采用数组初始化语法，并将函数名作为地址来初始化这样的数组。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double calculate(double a, double b, double (*p)(double a, double b));
double add(double a, double b);
double subtract(double a, double b);
double multiply(double a, double b);
int main()
{
double a, b;
double (*pf[3])(double a, double b) = {add, subtract, multiply};
cout << "Enter two numbers (q to quit): ";
while (cin >> a >> b)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
switch (i)
{
case 0:
{
cout << "The " << a << " + " << b << " answer is: " << (*pf[i])(a, b) << endl;
break;
}
case 1:
{
cout << "The " << a << " - " << b << " answer is: " << (*pf[i])(a, b) << endl;
break;
}
case 2:
{
cout << "The " << a << " * " << b << " answer is: " << (*pf[i])(a, b) << endl;
break;
}
}
}
cout << "Next two numbers (q to quit): ";
}
cout << "Done!" << endl;
return 0;
}
double calculate(double a, double b, double (*p)(double a, double b))
{
return (*p)(a, b);
}
double add(double a, double b)
{
return a + b;
}
double subtract(double a, double b)
{
return a - b;
}
double multiply(double a, double b)
{
return a * b;
}
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