Java NIO allocate、put、flip、get、rewind、clear、mark、reset

Java NIO系统的核心在于：通道（channel）和缓冲区（buffer）。通道表示打开到IO设备的连接。若需要使用NIO系统，需要获取用于连接IO设备的通道以及用于容纳数据的缓冲区。然后操作缓冲区，对数据进行处理。

Channel负责传输，Buffer负责存储。

缓冲区（Buffer）：在Java NIO中负责数据的存储，缓冲区就是数组，用于存储不同数据类型的数据。根据数据类型不同，提供了相应类型的缓冲区（boolean除外）。所有缓冲区都是Buffer类型的子类

• allocate() 获取缓冲区
• put() 存入数据到缓冲区
• get() 从缓冲区取出数据

缓冲区的四个核心属性：

• capacity：容量，表示缓冲区最大数据存储的容量，一旦声明不可改变（底层数组）
• limit：界限，表示缓冲区中可以操作数据的大小。limit外的数据不能进行读写
• position：位置，表示缓冲区中正在吃哦做数据的位置。0 <= mark <= position <= limit <= capacity
• mark：记录，表示记录当前position的位置，可以通过reset()方法恢复到mark的位置

	@Test
    public void bufferTest() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        System.out.println("============allocate===============");
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //0
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //1024
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

        System.out.println("============put===============");
        String str = "abcde";
        buffer.put(str.getBytes());
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //5
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //1024
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

        System.out.println("============flip===============");
        buffer.flip();
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //0
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //5
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

        System.out.println("============get===============");
        byte dst[] = new byte[buffer.limit()];
        buffer.get(dst);
        System.out.println(new String(dst, 0, dst.length)); //abcde
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //5
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //5
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024


        System.out.println("============rewind===============");
        //可重复读
        buffer.rewind();
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //0
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //5
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

        System.out.println("============clear===============");
        //清空缓冲区，数据不清空
        buffer.clear();
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //0
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //1024
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024
    }

	@Test
    public void markTest() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

        String str = "abcde";
        buffer.put(str.getBytes());

        buffer.flip();

        System.out.println("============get1===============");
        byte dst1[] = new byte[buffer.limit()];
        buffer.get(dst1, 0, 2);
        System.out.println(new String(dst1, 0, dst1.length));
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //2
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //5
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

        buffer.mark();

        System.out.println("============get2===============");
        byte dst2[] = new byte[buffer.limit()];
        buffer.get(dst2, 0, 2);
        System.out.println(new String(dst2, 0, dst2.length));
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //4
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //5
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

        System.out.println("============reset===============");
        buffer.reset();
        System.out.println("position:" + buffer.position()); //2
        System.out.println("limit:" + buffer.limit()); //5
        System.out.println("capacity:" + buffer.capacity()); //1024

    }