Python常用内建模块之itertools

Python的内建模块itertools提供了非常有用的用于操作迭代对象的函数。

首先，我们看看itertools提供的几个“无限”迭代器：
1.count()会创建一个无限的迭代器

import itertools
natuals = itertools.count(1)
for n in natuals:
    print(n)

运行结果：

"C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python全网练习/常用内置模块.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
……
会不停的打印出所有的自然数，只有Ctrl+C终止程序，才能停下来。

2.cycle()会把传入的一个序列无限重复下去

import itertools
cs = itertools.cycle('ABC')
for c in cs:
    print(c)

运行结果：

"C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python全网练习/常用内置模块.py
A
B
C
A
B
C

3.repeat()负责把一个元素无限重复下去

import itertools
ns = itertools.repeat('A')
for n in ns:
    print(n)

运行结果：

"C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python全网练习/常用内置模块.py
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
……
一直循环下去

4.chain()可以把一组迭代对象串联起来，形成一个更大的迭代器

import itertools
ns = itertools.chain('A','B','C')
for n in ns:
    print(n)

"C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python全网练习/常用内置模块.py
A
B
C

Process finished with exit code 0

5.groupby()把迭代器中相邻的重复元素挑出来放在一起：
1）

import itertools
for key, group in itertools.groupby('AAABBBCCAAA'):
    print(key, list(group))

"C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python全网练习/常用内置模块.py
A ['A', 'A', 'A']
B ['B', 'B', 'B']
C ['C', 'C']
A ['A', 'A', 'A']

Process finished with exit code 0

2）不区分大小写进行相同的字母划分在一组中

import itertools
for key, group in itertools.groupby('AAaabbbBCcccAaaA', lambda c: c.upper()):
    print(key, list(group))

"C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe" C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/Python全网练习/常用内置模块.py
A ['A', 'A', 'a', 'a']
B ['b', 'b', 'b', 'B']
C ['C', 'c', 'c', 'c']
A ['A', 'a', 'a', 'A']

Process finished with exit code 0