操作系统（五）Input/Output

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一、Memory-Mapped I/O definition

二、Programmed I/O &Interrupted-Driven I/O &DMA I/O difference

三、RAID 0~5(definition)

四、磁臂调度算法

Disk requests come in to the disk driver for cylinders（柱面访问序列） 10,22,20,2,40,6, and 38, in that order. In all cases, the arm is initially at cylinder 20. A seek takes 6 msec per cylinder moved. How much seek times is needed for?

1.FCFS (First Come First Served)

磁盘臂访问序列:	10,22,20,2,40,6,38
(10+12+2+18+38+34+32)*6 = 876msec

2.SSF (Shorted Seek Time First)

磁盘臂访问序列:	20,22,10,6,2,38,40
(2+12+4+4+36+2)*6 = 360msec

3.Elevator algorithm (SCAN)

假设向前
磁盘臂访问序列:	20,22,38,40,10,6,2
(2+16+2+30+4+4)*6 = 348msec

五、Power Management: CPU降电压和功率的关系

概念题

简答题

• I/O方式
  The difference of programming I/O and interrupt-driven I/O.
  ①程序控制I/O (Programmed I/O)
  让CPU做全部的工作。CPU通过程序主动读取状态寄存器以了解接口情况，并完成相应的数据操作。
  ②中断驱动I/O (interrupt-driven I/O)
  在等待设备就绪的时候允许CPU做其他的事情。当程序常规运行时，若外部有优先级更高的事件出现，则通过中断请求通知CPU，CPU再读取状态寄存器确定事件的种类，执行不同的分支处理。