栈临时对象的无效引用

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
class Word {
public:
    Word() {
        cout << "Word!!!" << endl;
        doc = "abcd";
    }
    ~Word() {
        cout << "~word!!!" << endl;
    }
    string ToString() {
        return doc;
    }
private:
    string doc;
};

class Hit {
public:
    Hit() {
        cout << "Hit!!!" << endl;
    }
    ~Hit() {
        cout << "~Hit!!!" << endl;
    }
    Word GetWord() {
        return this->word;
    }
private:
    Word word;
};

void print(const string& str) {
    cout << str << endl;
}

int main()
{
    {
        Hit hit;
        const string& str = hit.GetWord().ToString();
        cout << "------------------" << endl;
        print(str);
    }
    return 0;
}

输出：

Word!!!
Hit!!!
~word!!!
------------------
abcd
~Hit!!!
~word!!!

原因在于hit.GetWord()返回一个临时对象，返回之后就析构了，调用了ToString获取其中的变量。