LESSON 1 BEING A HACKER part III

1.1.5 Newsgroups
Newsgroups have been around a long time. There were newsgroups long before the Web
existed. Google purchased the entire archive of newsgroups and put them online at
http://groups.google.com. You will find posts in there from the early 1990s. This archive is
important for finding who is the original owner of an idea or a product. It is also useful for

finding obscure information that is perhaps too small a topic for someone to put on a web
page.

 

1.1.5 新闻组

新闻组已经存现了很长时间了。早在互联网出现之前就存在。Google收购了新闻组全部文档，并放在

http://groups.google.com上。你可以在里面找到1990年早期的帖子。这份文档在查找原创作者上起着重要的

作用。同时也能很方便的查找微小的不值得放在网站首页上的信息。

Newsgroups are not used less today than they were years ago, before the web became the
mainstream for sharing information. However, they also haven't grown as their popularity is
replaced by new web services like blogs and forums.

 

现在使用新闻组的人群比在万维网没有占据主要信息交流方式的几年前的使用人群，并没有减少（这句话好纠结，我不知道该怎么布置才好，感觉这个翻译有点糟透了）。

但是，由于被博客，论坛等新生网站服务取代，新闻组的欢迎程度并没有增长。

 

Exercises:
A. Using Google's groups, find the oldest newsgroup posting you can about security.
B. Find other ways to use newsgroups - are there applications you can use to read
newsgroups?
C. How many newsgroups can you find that talk about computer hacking?

 

练习：

A. 利用Google的新闻组查找有关安全的最早新闻组帖子。

B. 查找其它使用新闻组的方式-你能找到阅读新闻组的任何工具吗？

C. 你能找到多少个谈论电脑黑客的新闻组？

 

1.1.6 Websites
The de facto standard for sharing information is currently through a web browser. While we
classify this all as “the web” the real term is “web services,” as not everything on the web is a
website. If you check e-mail using a web browser, you are using a web service. Often times,
web services require privileges. This means you need a login name and password to gain
access. Having access and the legal right to access is known as having “privileges”. Hacking
into a website to allow you to change the page may be having access, but since it is not your
legal right to do so, it is not privileged access. We are only concerned with having privileged
access, but as your experience grows with using the web, you will find many places give
access to privileged areas by accident. As you find this, you should get into the habit of
reporting this to the website owner.

 

1.1.6 网站

     现在共享信息约定俗成的通过浏览器完成。虽然我们将其称为“万维网”，而真正的术语是“网络服务”，

毕竟万维网上不全是网站。如果你通过浏览器检查邮件，你在使用网络服务。在大多数时候，网络服务有权限

要求。也就是说你需要注册用户名和密码才能够登陆。通过合法权力的登陆被称作拥有“权限”。通过黑客技术

侵入网站能修改网页内容，但由于你的做法不是合法的，所以这是非法登陆。我们只关心是否有合法权限，

但是随着你使用网站的经验增长，你会意外的发现一些登陆的安全漏洞。当你发现它们时，就要养成告诉给

网站管理员的习惯。

 

Websites are searchable through a large number of search engines. It's even possible to
make your own search engine, if you have the time and hard drive space. Often, it's the
search engines who get privileged access and pass it on to you. Sometimes it is in the form of
cache. A cache is an area of memory on the search engine's server where the search engine
stores pages that matched your search criteria. If you click on the link that says cached,
instead of the actual link, then you will see a single page that shows what the search engine
found during its search. The search engines save this information to prove that the search was
valid – if, for instance, a page goes down or is changed between the time that you initiated
your search and the time that you try to access the page that was returned – but you can
also use the cached pages for other purposes, such as bypassing a slow server.
One of the most useful public caches is at http://www.archive.org. Here you will find cached
versions of whole websites from over the years.

 

可以通过各种搜索引擎搜索网站信息。只要有足够的时间和硬盘空间，你甚至可以制作自己的搜索引擎，通常搜索引擎

先得到合法权限，然后将权限传给你。有的时候是以高速缓存形式。高速缓存是位于搜索引擎服务器上存放符合你的搜索

条件网页的存储器。如果你点击网页快照的链接，不同于真正的链接，你将看到一个存放查找结果的网页。搜索引擎通过

这种信息说明你的搜索时有效的---如果当你查询一个网页而这个网页崩溃了或者正在修改，你也会看到存放查找结果的网页。（这句话感觉没对，我觉得有点问题）你也可以用网页快照做其他的事，譬如避免使用慢的服务器。最好用的公共高速缓存之一在http://www.archive.org上，在这个网站上你可以找到这些年来所有网站的高速缓存版本。（这里的翻译不够专业）

One final note on websites, do not assume you can trust the content of the websites you visit
just because they appear in a search engine. Many hacker attacks and viruses are spread
just by visiting a website or downloading programs to run. You can safeguard yourself by not
downloading programs from untrusted websites and by making sure the browser you use is
up-to-date on security patches.

 

对使用网站的最后一点建议，不要因为一个网站能通过搜索引擎找出来就完全信任上面的内容。许多黑客攻击和

病毒的传播就是通过访问某个网站或者运行从某个网站上下载的运行程序。不在不可信任的网站上下载东西，确定你

使用的浏览器是经常更新安全补丁，这样可以保护电脑不受侵害。