Java(线程池)

通过start()调用线程

public class Solution extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("i am thread");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Solution thred = new Solution();
        //thred.run();
       thred.start();
    }
}

我们通过打断点的方式，借助idea的get thread dump工具进行查看thred.start();调用栈

查看thred.run();调用栈

通过比较，我们可以很清楚的看出，run方法仅仅只是方法调用，程序仍然是main线程，start才会开启一个线程。

线程池

线程池的目的是为了复用

newCachedThreadPool、newFixedThreadPool、newSingleThreadExecutor三种线程池进行比较

我们通过下面的代码进行查看

public class Solution{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService1= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        ExecutorService executorService2=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        ExecutorService executorService3=Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for (int i=1;i<=100;i++){
            executorService1.execute(new MyTask(i));
        }
    }
}
class MyTask implements Runnable{
    int i=0;
    public MyTask(int i){
        this.i=i;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--"+i);
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行结果：
newCachedThreadPool：

newFixedThreadPool：

newSingleThreadExecutor：

如上代码运行结果时间上newSingleThreadExecutor>newFixedThreadPool>newCachedThreadPool
newCachedThreadPool的运行结果最快。

newCachedThreadPool底层代码查看

newFixedThreadPool底层代码查看

非核心线程数=maximumPoolSize-corePoolSize

newSingleThreadExecutor底层代码查看

问题

1、newCachedThreadPool可能会让CPU达到100%
2、newFixedThreadPool可能导致内存溢出
等待队列中任务过多
3、newSingleThreadExecutor可能导致内存溢出
等待队列中任务过多

自定义线程池

发现三种线程池都会返回ThreadPoolExecutor类，那么我们可以使用自定义线程池

ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor=new ThreadPoolExecutor(10,20,
                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10));
        for (int i=1;i<=100;i++){
            threadPoolExecutor.execute(new MyTask(i));
        }

但是会发生如下错误

在第31个任务的时候，因为核心线程，非核心线程，等待队列都达到饱和，所以会执行拒绝策略

问题

观察输出结果

21到30的任务比11到20的任务先输出

原因：提交优先级：核心线程->等待队列->非核心线程
执行优先级：核心线程->非核心线程->等待队列

提交优先级和执行优先级

  for (int i=1;i<=100;i++){
            threadPoolExecutor.execute(new MyTask(i));
        }

查看execute()方法：提交优先级源码

public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        /*
         * Proceed in 3 steps:
         *
         * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
         * start a new thread with the given command as its first
         * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
         * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
         * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
         *
         * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
         * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
         * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
         * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
         * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
         * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
         *
         * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
         * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
         * and so reject the task.
         */
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

执行优先级：

提交优先级：

查看：执行优先级代码

/**
     * Checks if a new worker can be added with respect to current
     * pool state and the given bound (either core or maximum). If so,
     * the worker count is adjusted accordingly, and, if possible, a
     * new worker is created and started, running firstTask as its
     * first task. This method returns false if the pool is stopped or
     * eligible to shut down. It also returns false if the thread
     * factory fails to create a thread when asked.  If the thread
     * creation fails, either due to the thread factory returning
     * null, or due to an exception (typically OutOfMemoryError in
     * Thread.start()), we roll back cleanly.
     *
     * @param firstTask the task the new thread should run first (or
     * null if none). Workers are created with an initial first task
     * (in method execute()) to bypass queuing when there are fewer
     * than corePoolSize threads (in which case we always start one),
     * or when the queue is full (in which case we must bypass queue).
     * Initially idle threads are usually created via
     * prestartCoreThread or to replace other dying workers.
     *
     * @param core if true use corePoolSize as bound, else
     * maximumPoolSize. (A boolean indicator is used here rather than a
     * value to ensure reads of fresh values after checking other pool
     * state).
     * @return true if successful
     */
    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

流程

1、execute
2、addWorker
3、workAdded=true,调用t.start
4、run

5、runWorker

这里可以就可以看出先执行非核心线程，而不是等待队列
6、如果task为空，执行getTask

执行等待队列